Prakaschandra Dorcas Rosaley, Esterhuizen Tonya M, Motala Ayesha A, Gathiram Prem, Naidoo Datshana Prakesh
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.
S Afr Med J. 2016 Feb 4;106(3):284-9. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i3.9837.
Previous studies show a high prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in South African (SA) Asian Indians, with the emergence of premature coronary artery disease in young Indian subjects.
To determine the prevalence of CV risk factors in this population.
This was a cross-sectional study of randomly selected adults aged 15 - 64 years from the suburb of Phoenix in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province, SA. All participants had demographic, anthropometric and biochemical measurements using the modified World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise survey methods. Hypertension, obesity, lipid abnormalities and diabetes mellitus (DM) were diagnosed using WHO criteria. Age-standardised frequencies for glycaemic indices were calculated according to the WHO standard world population distribution.
Of the 1 428 subjects who responded (response rate 72.1%), complete data for analysis were available on 1 378 (1 001 women). The mean age was 45.5 (standard deviation 13) years. There were high prevalences of hypertension (47.5%), DM (20.1%), total body obesity (raised body mass index) (32.4%) and increased waist circumference (73.1%). The 'thin-fat' Asian phenotype (isolated abdominal obesity) was found in only 4.8% of participants. High prevalences of total body obesity (32.1%), increased waist circumference (31.3%) and insulin resistance (28.2%) were documented in the youngest age group. Over half of the males and 14.6% of females were current smokers. Diabetic dyslipidaemia was found in 61 subjects (4.4%). In multivariate analysis, age, triglycerides and waist circumference measurement were significant independent risk factors associated with DM and, together with fasting glucose, also predicted hypertension.
Compared with Asian Indian subjects with similar environmental exposure in previous studies, the magnitude of change in risk factor prevalence over the past two decades has been of epidemic proportions.
先前的研究表明，南非亚洲印度人群中心血管（CV）危险因素的患病率很高，且年轻的印度受试者中出现了早发性冠状动脉疾病。
确定该人群中CV危险因素的患病率。
这是一项横断面研究，从南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省德班市凤凰城郊区随机选取15 - 64岁的成年人。所有参与者均采用改良的世界卫生组织（WHO）逐步调查方法进行人口统计学、人体测量学和生化测量。高血压、肥胖、血脂异常和糖尿病（DM）均根据WHO标准进行诊断。血糖指数的年龄标准化频率根据WHO标准世界人口分布进行计算。
在1428名做出回应的受试者中（回应率72.1%），有1378名（1001名女性）获得了完整的分析数据。平均年龄为45.5岁（标准差13）。高血压患病率（47.5%）、DM患病率（20.1%）、全身肥胖（体重指数升高）患病率（32.4%）和腰围增加患病率（73.1%）都很高。仅4.8%的参与者具有“瘦胖型”亚洲表型（单纯性腹型肥胖）。最年轻年龄组中全身肥胖患病率（32.1%）、腰围增加患病率（31.3%）和胰岛素抵抗患病率（28.2%）都很高。超过一半的男性和14.6%的女性为当前吸烟者。61名受试者（4.4%）存在糖尿病血脂异常。在多变量分析中，年龄、甘油三酯和腰围测量是与DM相关的显著独立危险因素，并与空腹血糖一起也可预测高血压。
与先前研究中环境暴露相似的亚洲印度受试者相比，过去二十年间危险因素患病率变化的幅度已达到流行程度。
