Rivera Gabriel A, Saramipoor Behbahan Iman, Greenberg Peter L
a Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology , Stanford Cancer Institute , Stanford , CA , USA ;
b Hematology Division , Stanford University Cancer Center , Stanford , CA , USA.
Leuk Lymphoma. 2016 May;57(5):995-1001. doi: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1107554. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
Immunologic tolerance to cancer has recently been shown to have major implications for the ability of tumors to survive despite a variety of therapeutic approaches. A critical mechanism underlying this microenvironment dysfunction relates to the ability of tumor cells to block immune check points through expression of specific proteins that interfere with immune cell effector function. Recent advances based on this model have led translational work showing therapeutic efficacy in a variety of solid and lymphoid tumors. Myeloid malignancies, in particular myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), have significant immune dysregulation of variable degree based on their clinical stages which makes feasible extending such therapeutic approaches to this group of diseases. This review will discuss recent advances in the field of immune checkpoint biology including recent clinical trials with checkpoint inhibitors in patients with a variety of clinical conditions, with focus on such potential therapy in patients with myeloid malignancies.
最近研究表明，尽管采用了多种治疗方法，但肿瘤对癌症的免疫耐受对其生存能力具有重大影响。这种微环境功能障碍的一个关键机制与肿瘤细胞通过表达特定蛋白质来阻断免疫检查点的能力有关，这些蛋白质会干扰免疫细胞的效应功能。基于该模型的最新进展已开展转化研究，在多种实体瘤和淋巴瘤中显示出治疗效果。髓系恶性肿瘤，特别是骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS），根据其临床阶段存在不同程度的显著免疫失调，这使得将此类治疗方法扩展到这组疾病成为可能。本综述将讨论免疫检查点生物学领域的最新进展，包括针对各种临床情况患者使用检查点抑制剂的近期临床试验，重点关注髓系恶性肿瘤患者的这种潜在治疗方法。
