Rehrer N J, Beckers E, Brouns F, Hoor ten F, Saris W H
Department of Human Biology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Oct;21(5):540-9.
Carbohydrate containing drinks are commonly consumed as an ergogenic aid during endurance sports activities. The efficacy of a given drink is limited by the rate of absorption, which is in turn limited by gastric emptying. A myriad of factors influence gastric emptying. The influence of several of these factors (training status, exercise intensity, and carbohydrate composition) was investigated by repeated experiments using a nasogastric tube and a modification of the technique of George. A group of well-trained bicyclists and a group of untrained subjects performed similar experiments. Three different carbohydrate containing drinks (15 g.100 ml-1 glucose (G), 15 g.100 ml-1 maltodextrin plus 3 g.100 ml-1 fructose (MD), 7 g.100 ml-1 sucrose (I] and artificially sweetened water were compared during rest and 50 and 70% Wmax bicycling. Experimental design was crossover. There was a trend for the carbohydrate drinks to empty initially more slowly under the influence of exercise. Differences in drink volume remaining in the stomach were significant (P less than 0.05), with I at 10 min (70%, mean = 48.9%; rest, mean = 30.5%) and at 20 min (70%, mean = 28.9%; rest, mean = 23.8%) and with MD at 10 min (70%, mean = 71.1%; rest, mean = 55.9%). A similar trend was also seen with 50% Wmax exercise; however, this trend was only significant with MD at 10 min (50%, mean = 72.1%; rest, mean = 55.9%). Drink composition was a much stronger inhibitor of gastric emptying. However, all drinks emptied exponentially with fast-phase initial emptying rates. No differences in gastric emptying or secretion were observed between trained and untrained subjects.
在耐力运动期间，含碳水化合物的饮料通常作为一种提高运动能力的辅助品被饮用。特定饮料的功效受吸收速率的限制，而吸收速率又受胃排空的限制。众多因素会影响胃排空。通过使用鼻胃管和对乔治技术的改进进行重复实验，研究了其中几个因素（训练状态、运动强度和碳水化合物组成）的影响。一组训练有素的自行车运动员和一组未经训练的受试者进行了类似的实验。在休息以及以50%和70%最大摄氧量（Wmax）骑行时，比较了三种不同的含碳水化合物饮料（每100毫升含15克葡萄糖（G）、每100毫升含15克麦芽糊精加3克果糖（MD）、每100毫升含7克蔗糖（I））和人工甜味水。实验设计为交叉设计。在运动影响下，碳水化合物饮料最初排空往往更慢。胃中剩余饮料量的差异具有显著性（P小于0.05），I在10分钟时（70%最大摄氧量，平均 = 48.9%；休息时，平均 = 30.5%）和20分钟时（70%最大摄氧量，平均 = 28.9%；休息时，平均 = 23.8%），MD在10分钟时（70%最大摄氧量，平均 = 71.1%；休息时，平均 = 55.9%）。在50%最大摄氧量运动时也观察到类似趋势；然而，这种趋势仅在MD于10分钟时（50%最大摄氧量，平均 = 72.1%；休息时，平均 = 55.9%）具有显著性。饮料组成对胃排空的抑制作用更强。然而，所有饮料均呈指数排空，初始快速排空速率。训练有素和未经训练的受试者之间未观察到胃排空或分泌的差异。
