Glaser R M
Department of Physiology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Oct;21(5 Suppl):S149-57.
Although individuals with lower-limb paralysis typically use their arms for wheelchair locomotion and exercise training, several factors including the relatively small muscle mass available, as well as deficient cardiovascular reflex responses and inactivity of the venous muscle pump (resulting in hypokinetic circulation), can cause the early onset of fatigue during arm activity. Thus, cardiopulmonary (aerobic) fitness is difficult to develop and maintain; this situation can often be exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this paper is to present research related to exercise capability of wheelchair users, arm exercise modes, physical fitness training programs using arm exercise, and newly developed exercise techniques which incorporate combinations of voluntary arm exercise and functional neuromuscular stimulation-induced exercise of paralyzed leg muscles. It is evident that exercise training programs utilizing appropriate techniques can markedly improve the physical fitness, functional independence, and rehabilitation outcome of wheelchair users.
虽然下肢瘫痪患者通常会用手臂来驱动轮椅并进行运动训练，但包括可用肌肉量相对较少、心血管反射反应不足以及静脉肌肉泵不活动（导致血液循环不良）等几个因素，可能会导致手臂活动时过早出现疲劳。因此，心肺（有氧）适能很难得到发展和维持；而久坐不动的生活方式往往会使这种情况更加恶化。本文的目的是介绍与轮椅使用者运动能力、手臂运动模式、使用手臂运动的体能训练计划以及新开发的运动技术相关的研究，这些新技术结合了自主手臂运动和功能性神经肌肉刺激诱导的瘫痪腿部肌肉运动。显然，采用适当技术的运动训练计划可以显著改善轮椅使用者的体能、功能独立性和康复效果。
