Franklin B A
Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48072.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Oct;21(5 Suppl):S141-8.
Sufficient data are available to support the inclusion of upper body or combined arm-leg training in a comprehensive physical conditioning program. There is now evidence to suggest that initial fitness, as well as the intensity, frequency, and duration of training, may be important variables in determining the extent of cross-training benefits from the legs to the arms, and vice versa. Nevertheless, the limited degree of transfer of training benefits from one set of limbs to another appears to discount the practice of emphasizing leg training alone. Aerobic exercise programs for the upper body may yield significant central (Q and SV) and peripheral (a-vO2 difference) adaptations to support improvements in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during arm and leg work, especially in subjects who are initially unfit, with the more dominant effects specific to the upper extremities. Finally, an arm exercise prescription that is based on the maximal heart rate derived from leg testing may result in an inappropriately high target heart rate for arm training. Workloads (kg.m.min-1) considered appropriate for leg training will generally need to be reduced by 50-60% for arm training.
现有足够的数据支持将上身训练或手臂与腿部结合训练纳入全面的体能训练计划。现在有证据表明，初始体能以及训练的强度、频率和持续时间，可能是决定从腿部到手臂交叉训练益处程度的重要变量，反之亦然。然而，训练益处从一组肢体转移到另一组肢体的程度有限，这似乎削弱了仅强调腿部训练的做法。针对上身的有氧运动计划可能会产生显著的中枢（心输出量和每搏输出量）和外周（动静脉氧分压差）适应性变化，以支持在手臂和腿部运动期间提高峰值摄氧量（VO2peak），尤其是在初始体能不佳的受试者中，对上肢的影响更为显著。最后，基于腿部测试得出的最大心率制定的手臂运动处方，可能会导致手臂训练的目标心率过高。通常，适合腿部训练的工作量（kg.m.min-1）在进行手臂训练时需要减少50-60%。
