对双黑洞合并产生的引力波的观测。

Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger.

作者信息

Abbott B P, Abbott R, Abbott T D, Abernathy M R, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari R X, Adya V B, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar O D, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Altin P A, Anderson S B, Anderson W G, Arai K, Arain M A, Araya M C, Arceneaux C C, Areeda J S, Arnaud N, Arun K G, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston S M, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Bacon P, Bader M K M, Baker P T, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer S W, Barayoga J C, Barclay S E, Barish B C, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton M A, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch J C, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Bazzan M, Behnke B, Bejger M, Belczynski C, Bell A S, Bell C J, Berger B K, Bergman J, Bergmann G, Berry C P L, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko I A, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard M A, Blackburn J K, Blair C D, Blair D G, Blair R M, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya T P, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bohe A, Bojtos P, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Boom B A, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady P R, Braginsky V B, Branchesi M, Brau J E, Briant T, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Brooks A F, Brown D A, Brown D D, Brown N M, Buchanan C C, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten H J, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer R L, Cabero M, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Calderón Bustillo J, Callister T, Calloni E, Camp J B, Cannon K C, Cao J, Capano C D, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C B, Cerboni Baiardi L, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chakraborty R, Chalermsongsak T, Chamberlin S J, Chan M, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chen H Y, Chen Y, Cheng C, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho H S, Cho M, Chow J H, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua S, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark J A, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon P-F, Colla A, Collette C G, Cominsky L, Constancio M, Conte A, Conti L, Cook D, Corbitt T R, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa C A, Coughlin M W, Coughlin S B, Coulon J-P, Countryman S T, Couvares P, Cowan E E, Coward D M, Cowart M J, Coyne D C, Coyne R, Craig K, Creighton J D E, Creighton T D, Cripe J, Crowder S G, Cruise A M, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dal Canton T, Danilishin S L, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darman N S, Da Silva Costa C F, Dattilo V, Dave I, Daveloza H P, Davier M, Davies G S, Daw E J, Day R, De S, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dereli H, Dergachev V, DeRosa R T, De Rosa R, DeSalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M C, Di Fiore L, Di Giovanni M, Di Lieto A, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Dojcinoski G, Dolique V, Donovan F, Dooley K L, Doravari S, Douglas R, Downes T P, Drago M, Drever R W P, Driggers J C, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer S E, Edo T B, Edwards M C, Effler A, Eggenstein H-B, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry S S, Engels W, Essick R C, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T M, Everett R, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Fang Q, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr W M, Favata M, Fays M, Fehrmann H, Fejer M M, Feldbaum D, Ferrante I, Ferreira E C, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Finn L S, Fiori I, Fiorucci D, Fisher R P, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Fong H, Fournier J-D, Franco S, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Frey V, Fricke T T, Fritschel P, Frolov V V, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard H A G, Gair J R, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar S G, Garufi F, Gatto A, Gaur G, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Gendre B, Genin E, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghosh Abhirup, Ghosh Archisman, Ghosh S, Giaime J A, Giardina K D, Giazotto A, Gill K, Glaefke A, Gleason J R, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gonzalez Castro J M, Gopakumar A, Gordon N A, Gorodetsky M L, Gossan S E, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Graef C, Graff P B, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greco G, Green A C, Greenhalgh R J S, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi G M, Guo X, Gupta A, Gupta M K, Gushwa K E, Gustafson E K, Gustafson R, Hacker J J, Hall B R, Hall E D, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke M M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam M D, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Harms J, Harry G M, Harry I W, Hart M J, Hartman M T, Haster C-J, Haughian K, Healy J, Heefner J, Heidmann A, Heintze M C, Heinzel G, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng I S, Hennig J, Heptonstall A W, Heurs M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hodge K A, Hofman D, Hollitt S E, Holt K, Holz D E, Hopkins P, Hosken D J, Hough J, Houston E A, Howell E J, Hu Y M, Huang S, Huerta E A, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner S H, Huynh-Dinh T, Idrisy A, Indik N, Ingram D R, Inta R, Isa H N, Isac J-M, Isi M, Islas G, Isogai T, Iyer B R, Izumi K, Jacobson M B, Jacqmin T, Jang H, Jani K, Jaranowski P, Jawahar S, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson W W, Johnson-McDaniel N K, Jones D I, Jones R, Jonker R J G, Ju L, Haris K, Kalaghatgi C V, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner J B, Karki S, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawazoe F, Kéfélian F, Kehl M S, Keitel D, Kelley D B, Kells W, Kennedy R, Keppel D G, Key J S, Khalaidovski A, Khalili F Y, Khan I, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov E A, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim J, Kim K, Kim Nam-Gyu, Kim Namjun, Kim Y-M, King E J, King P J, Kinzel D L, Kissel J S, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Koehlenbeck S M, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kondrashov V, Kontos A, Koranda S, Korobko M, Korth W Z, Kowalska I, Kozak D B, Kringel V, Krishnan B, Królak A, Krueger C, Kuehn G, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Kwee P, Lackey B D, Landry M, Lange J, Lantz B, Lasky P D, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot E O, Lee C H, Lee H K, Lee H M, Lee K, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leong J R, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Levine B M, Li T G F, Libson A, Littenberg T B, Lockerbie N A, Logue J, Lombardi A L, London L T, Lord J E, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J D, Lousto C O, Lovelace G, Lück H, Lundgren A P, Luo J, Lynch R, Ma Y, MacDonald T, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod D M, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magee R M, Mageswaran M, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell G L, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A S, Maros E, Martelli F, Martellini L, Martin I W, Martin R M, Martynov D V, Marx J N, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger T J, Masso-Reid M, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, Mazzolo G, McCarthy R, McClelland D E, McCormick S, McGuire S C, McIntyre G, McIver J, McManus D J, McWilliams S T, Meacher D, Meadors G D, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mendoza-Gandara D, Mercer R A, Merilh E, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers P M, Mezzani F, Miao H, Michel C, Middleton H, Mikhailov E E, Milano L, Miller J, Millhouse M, Minenkov Y, Ming J, Mirshekari S, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov V P, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra S R P, Montani M, Moore B C, Moore C J, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morriss S R, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry C M, Mueller C L, Mueller G, Muir A W, Mukherjee Arunava, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Murphy D J, Murray P G, Mytidis A, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak R K, Necula V, Nedkova K, Nelemans G, Neri M, Neunzert A, Newton G, Nguyen T T, Nielsen A B, Nissanke S, Nitz A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Normandin M E N, Nuttall L K, Oberling J, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Oelker E, Ogin G H, Oh J J, Oh S H, Ohme F, Oliver M, Oppermann P, Oram Richard J, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ott C D, Ottaway D J, Ottens R S, Overmier H, Owen B J, Pai A, Pai S A, Palamos J R, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pal-Singh A, Pan H, Pan Y, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant B C, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Papa M A, Paris H R, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patricelli B, Patrick Z, Pearlstone B L, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pekowsky L, Pele A, Penn S, Perreca A, Pfeiffer H P, Phelps M, Piccinni O, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pinard L, Pinto I M, Pitkin M, Poeld J H, Poggiani R, Popolizio P, Post A, Powell J, Prasad J, Predoi V, Premachandra S S, Prestegard T, Price L R, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Privitera S, Prix R, Prodi G A, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Qin J, Quetschke V, Quintero E A, Quitzow-James R, Raab F J, Rabeling D S, Radkins H, Raffai P, Raja S, Rakhmanov M, Ramet C R, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Re V, Read J, Reed C M, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze D H, Rew H, Reyes S D, Ricci F, Riles K, Robertson N A, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rolland L, Rollins J G, Roma V J, Romano J D, Romano R, Romanov G, Romie J H, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadeghian L, Salconi L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sammut L, Sampson L M, Sanchez E J, Sandberg V, Sandeen B, Sanders G H, Sanders J R, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash B S, Saulson P R, Sauter O, Savage R L, Sawadsky A, Schale P, 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机构信息

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

出版信息

Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Feb 12;116(6):061102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102. Epub 2016 Feb 11.

DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102

PMID:26918975

Abstract

On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10(-21). It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203,000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410(-180)(+160) Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09(-0.04)(+0.03). In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36(-4)(+5)M⊙ and 29(-4)(+4)M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62(-4)(+4)M⊙, with 3.0(-0.5)(+0.5)M⊙c(2) radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.

摘要

2015年9月14日协调世界时09:50:45，激光干涉引力波天文台的两台探测器同时观测到一个瞬态引力波信号。该信号频率从35赫兹向上扫至250赫兹，峰值引力波应变达1.0×10⁻²¹。它与广义相对论预测的一对黑洞的合并及合并后形成的单个黑洞的铃宕波形相符。该信号的匹配滤波信噪比为24，估计误报率小于每20.3万年1次，相当于显著性大于5.1σ。该源的光度距离为410⁻¹⁸⁰⁺¹⁶⁰ 兆秒差距，对应红移z = 0.09⁻⁰.⁰⁴⁺⁰.⁰³。在源参考系中，初始黑洞质量分别为36⁻⁴⁺⁵ 太阳质量和29⁻⁴⁺⁴ 太阳质量，最终黑洞质量为62⁻⁴⁺⁴ 太阳质量，有3.0⁻⁰.⁵⁺⁰.⁵ 太阳质量乘以光速平方的能量以引力波形式辐射出去。所有不确定性定义的是90%的可信区间。这些观测结果证实了双恒星质量黑洞系统的存在。这是引力波的首次直接探测以及双黑洞合并的首次观测。