Rali Parth, Veer Manik, Gupta Nupur, Singh Anil C, Bhanot Nitin
Divisions of Pulmonary Critical Care (Drs Rali and Singh), Internal Medicine (Drs Veer and Gupta), and Infectious Disease (Dr Bhanot), Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Crit Care Nurs Q. 2016 Apr-Jun;39(2):161-75. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000109.
Infections that are typically innocuous in immunocompetent persons may cause significant disease states in immunocompromised hosts. These individuals may be immunosuppressed secondary to many different causes such as drugs, malignancy, solid-organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, HIV/AIDS, or anatomic reasons (asplenia). These immunocompromised hosts are at high risk for developing opportunistic infections. Here, we discuss some of these infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Clinicians should be aware of the risk factors, common clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options for these potentially fatal illnesses.
在免疫功能正常的个体中通常无害的感染，在免疫功能低下的宿主中可能会导致严重的疾病状态。这些个体可能由于许多不同原因而免疫抑制，如药物、恶性肿瘤、实体器官或造血干细胞移植、艾滋病毒/艾滋病或解剖学原因（无脾）。这些免疫功能低下的宿主发生机会性感染的风险很高。在这里，我们讨论一些由细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫引起的此类感染。临床医生应该了解这些潜在致命疾病的危险因素、常见临床表现、诊断方法和治疗选择。
