Cebular Sanda, Lee Susan, Tolaney Pooja, Lutwick Larry
State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
Postgrad Med. 2003 Jan;113(1):65-6, 69-70, 73-4 passim. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2003.01.1351.
Immunocompromised persons are at increased risk for a large group of infections that are either uncommon or much less severe in the immunocompetent host. These opportunistic infections broaden the diagnostic considerations in differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with immunodeficiencies. This article highlighted epidemiologic factors, clinical presentations, and treatment options for four selected opportunistic infections that represent varied classes of pathogens: nematodes (S stercoralis), mycoses (C neoformans), bacteria (P aeruginosa in patients with HIV infection), and viruses (measles virus).
免疫功能低下的人群更容易感染一大类疾病，这些疾病在免疫功能正常的宿主中要么不常见，要么症状轻得多。这些机会性感染拓宽了免疫缺陷患者社区获得性肺炎鉴别诊断中的诊断思路。本文重点介绍了四种具有代表性的不同病原体类别的机会性感染的流行病学因素、临床表现和治疗选择：线虫（粪类圆线虫）、真菌病（新型隐球菌）、细菌（HIV感染患者中的铜绿假单胞菌）和病毒（麻疹病毒）。
