Maestre-Miquel Clara, Figueroa Carmen, Santos Juana, Astasio Paloma, Gil Pedro
Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Terapia Ocupacional, Logopedia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, España.
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.
Aten Primaria. 2016 Oct;48(8):550-556. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2015.10.012. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
To establish the profile of elderly patients, and to assess current preventive actions in hospitals, geriatric residences, and different health-care centres in Spain.
Cross-sectional descriptive study, based on a questionnaire to be answered by doctors who treat the elderly population in Spain (2013).
Health-care centres from different regions of Spain.
A total of 420 practitioners from hospitals, residences and other community centres, with data from 840 geriatric clinics.
Main outcome variables are: dependence, reason for assistance, comorbidity, professional consultation, and life style recommendations. Association factor, type of institution where patients have been attended. Analysis of prevalence and association using Chi-squared test.
Two-thirds (66.7%) of the study population were shown to be dependent, with a higher percentage among women than men: 68.9% vs. 62.4% (P=.055). It was also found that among the population aged 85 or more, 88.6% of the women and 85.2% of the men suffered comorbidity. In spite of these results, only 6.6% of the patients suffering comorbidity received additional advice concerning healthy-lifestyle. A large majority (79.6%) of the patients treated in hospitals received advice concerning healthy lifestyle, while 59.62% of those treated in nursing homes received it (P<.001).
It was observed that there is a lack of preventive action related to health promotion among the elderly, with differences between hospitals and geriatric residences. This suggests that it is time to put forward new specialised programs addressed to health professionals, in order to reinforce health promotion attitudes and preventive interventions in gerontology clinical practice.
了解老年患者的概况，并评估西班牙各医院、老年护理机构及不同医疗保健中心目前的预防措施。
横断面描述性研究，基于一份由西班牙治疗老年人群的医生回答的问卷（2013年）。
西班牙不同地区的医疗保健中心。
来自医院、护理机构及其他社区中心的420名从业者，提供了840家老年诊所的数据。
主要结局变量包括：依赖性、就医原因、合并症、专业咨询及生活方式建议。关联因素为患者接受治疗的机构类型。采用卡方检验分析患病率及关联性。
研究人群中有三分之二（66.7%）被证明存在依赖性，女性比例高于男性：68.9% 对62.4%（P = 0.055）。还发现，在85岁及以上人群中，88.6%的女性和85.2%的男性患有合并症。尽管如此，仅有6.6%的合并症患者获得了有关健康生活方式的额外建议。在医院接受治疗的患者中，绝大多数（79.6%）获得了有关健康生活方式的建议，而在养老院接受治疗的患者中这一比例为59.62%（P < 0.001）。
观察到老年人群中缺乏与健康促进相关的预防措施，医院和老年护理机构之间存在差异。这表明，是时候为健康专业人员推出新的专门项目了，以加强老年医学临床实践中的健康促进态度和预防干预措施。
