Arrazola M Pilar, Serrano Almudena, López-Vélez Rogelio
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Clínica La Luz, Madrid, España.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2016 May;34(5):315-23. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.01.009. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Traveler's vaccination is one of the key strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases during international travel. The risk of acquiring an infectious disease is determined in each case by the characteristics of the traveler and the travel, so the pre-departure medical advice of the traveler must be individualized. The World Health Organization classifies travelerś vaccines into three groups. - Vaccines for routine use in national immunization programs: Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, polio, measles-mumps-rubella, tetanus-diphtheria-whooping a cough, and chickenpox. - Vaccinations required by law in certain countries before to enter them: yellow fever, meningococcal disease and poliomyelitis. - Vaccines recommended depending on the circumstances: cholera, japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, meningococcal disease, typhoid fever, influenza, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies and BCG. This review is intended to introduce the reader to the field of international vaccination.
旅行者疫苗接种是预防国际旅行期间传染病的关键策略之一。在每种情况下，感染传染病的风险由旅行者的特征和旅行情况决定，因此旅行者出发前的医疗建议必须个性化。世界卫生组织将旅行者疫苗分为三类。- 国家免疫规划中常规使用的疫苗：b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗、破伤风-白喉-百日咳疫苗和水痘疫苗。- 某些国家法律要求进入该国之前接种的疫苗：黄热病、脑膜炎球菌病和脊髓灰质炎。- 根据情况推荐的疫苗：霍乱、日本脑炎、蜱传脑炎、脑膜炎球菌病、伤寒、流感、甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎、狂犬病和卡介苗。本综述旨在向读者介绍国际疫苗接种领域。
