Jutel Marek, Kosowska Anna, Smolinska Sylwia
Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
"ALL-MED" Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland.
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016 May;8(3):191-7. doi: 10.4168/aair.2016.8.3.191.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), although in clinical use for more than a century, is still the only causal treatment of allergic diseases. The safety and efficacy of AIT has been demonstrated in a large number of clinical trials. In addition to allergy symptom reduction AIT plays an essential role in preventing new allergies and asthma and shows long-term effects after discontinuation of treatment. Ideally, it is capable of curing allergy. However, AIT is not effective in all allergic individuals and is not equally effective in the treatment of various hypersensitivities to different allergens. For many years, the route of administration and the vaccine compositions have been evolving. Still there is a strong need for research in the field of new AIT modalities to increase its effectiveness and safety. Growing evidence on immunological effects of AIT, especially new T cell subsets involved in antigen/allergen tolerance, provides novel concepts for safer and more effective vaccination. Pharmacoeconomic studies have demonstrated a clear advantage of AIT over pharmacologic therapies.
变应原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）尽管已临床应用一个多世纪，但仍是唯一能够对过敏性疾病进行病因治疗的方法。大量临床试验已证实了AIT的安全性和有效性。除了减轻过敏症状外，AIT在预防新的过敏和哮喘方面起着至关重要的作用，并且在治疗中断后仍显示出长期效果。理想情况下，它能够治愈过敏。然而，AIT并非对所有过敏个体都有效，并且在治疗对不同变应原的各种超敏反应时效果也不尽相同。多年来，给药途径和疫苗组合物一直在不断发展。在新的AIT模式领域仍迫切需要开展研究，以提高其有效性和安全性。关于AIT免疫效应的证据越来越多，尤其是涉及抗原/变应原耐受性的新T细胞亚群，为更安全、更有效的疫苗接种提供了新的概念。药物经济学研究已证明AIT相对于药物治疗具有明显优势。
