Yang James C, Rosenberg Steven A
Center for Clinical Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Center for Clinical Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Adv Immunol. 2016;130:279-94. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.12.006. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
Recent developments have demonstrated that immunotherapies are capable of achieving durable antitumor responses in patients with metastatic cancer. One modality that has been able to induce durable complete regressions in patients with melanoma has been adoptive cell therapy (ACT). This has slowly been expanded to other cancer types using new approaches such as genetically engineered T-cells and other methods of antigen targeting. It now appears that immune targeting of mutated "neoantigens" plays a major role in successful ACT, as well as in other immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. This realization presents not only new challenges to ACT but also new opportunities in that all tumors now may have potential antigens to attack that can be revealed by tumor genomic sequencing. There are a variety of exciting approaches to translate these new findings into clinical trials applying ACT to the majority of cancer types.
最近的进展表明，免疫疗法能够在转移性癌症患者中实现持久的抗肿瘤反应。过继性细胞疗法（ACT）是一种能够在黑色素瘤患者中诱导持久完全缓解的治疗方式。通过基因工程改造T细胞等新方法以及其他抗原靶向方法，这种疗法已逐渐扩展到其他癌症类型。现在看来，对突变“新抗原”的免疫靶向在成功的ACT中起着重要作用，在诸如检查点抑制剂等其他免疫疗法中也是如此。这一认识不仅给ACT带来了新挑战，也带来了新机遇，因为现在所有肿瘤可能都有潜在的可攻击抗原，通过肿瘤基因组测序就可以揭示这些抗原。将这些新发现转化为针对大多数癌症类型应用ACT的临床试验有多种令人兴奋的方法。
