Wallace Andrea P C, Jones Julia P G, Milner-Gulland E J, Wallace Graham E, Young Richard, Nicholson Emily
Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY UK ; Frankfurt Zoological Society, PO Box 450189, Musakanya Drive, Mpika, Zambia.
School of the Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW UK.
Hum Ecol Interdiscip J. 2016;44:105-117. doi: 10.1007/s10745-016-9805-1. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
Understanding how fishers make decisions is important for improving management of fisheries. There is debate about the extent to which small-scale fishers follow an ideal free distribution (IFD) - distributing their fishing effort efficiently according to resource availability rather than being influenced by social factors or personal preference. Using detailed data from 1800 fisher catches and from semi-structured interviews with over 700 fishers at Lake Alaotra, the largest inland fishery in Madagascar, we show that fishers generally conform to IFD. However, there were differences in catch: effort relationships between fishers using different gear types as well as other revealing deviations from the predictions of IFD. Fishers report routine as the primary determinant of their choice of fishing location, explaining why they do not quickly respond to changes in catch at a site. Understanding the influences on fishers' spatial behaviour will allow better estimates of costs of fishing policies on resource users, and help predict their likely responses. This can inform management strategies to minimise the negative impacts of interventions, increasing local support for and compliance with rules.
了解渔民如何做出决策对于改善渔业管理至关重要。关于小规模渔民在多大程度上遵循理想自由分布（IFD）存在争议，即根据资源可利用性有效分配捕捞努力，而非受社会因素或个人偏好影响。利用来自马达加斯加最大的内陆渔场阿拉奥特拉湖1800次渔民捕捞的详细数据以及对700多名渔民的半结构化访谈，我们发现渔民总体上符合IFD。然而，不同渔具类型的渔民在渔获量与努力程度的关系上存在差异，以及其他与IFD预测的显著偏差。渔民称日常习惯是他们选择捕鱼地点的主要决定因素，这解释了他们为何不迅速对某一地点渔获量的变化做出反应。了解对渔民空间行为的影响将有助于更好地估计渔业政策对资源使用者的成本，并有助于预测他们可能的反应。这可为管理策略提供参考，以尽量减少干预的负面影响，提高当地对规则的支持和遵守程度。
