Pavlowich Tyler, Kapuscinski Anne R
Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Jul 27;12(7):e0181617. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181617. eCollection 2017.
Social and ecological systems come together during the act of fishing. However, we often lack a deep understanding of the fishing process, despite its importance for understanding and managing fisheries. A quantitative, mechanistic understanding of the opportunities fishers encounter, the constraints they face, and how they make decisions within the context of opportunities and constraints will enhance the design of fisheries management strategies to meet linked ecological and social objectives and will improve scientific capacity to predict impacts of different strategies. We examined the case of spearfishing in a Caribbean coral reef fishery. We mounted cameras on fishers' spearguns to observe the fish they encountered, what limited their ability to catch fish, and how they made decisions about which fish to target. We observed spearfishers who dove with and without the assistance of compressed air, and compared the fishing process of each method using content analysis of videos and decision models of fishers' targeting selections. Compressor divers encountered more fish, took less time to catch each fish, and had a higher rate of successful pursuits. We also analyzed differences among taxa in this multispecies fishery, because some taxa are known to be ecologically or economically more valuable than others. Parrotfish are ecologically indispensable for healthy coral reefs, and they were encountered and captured more frequently than any other taxon. Fishers made decisions about which fish to target based on a fish's market value, proximity to the fisher, and taxon. The information uncovered on fishers' opportunities, constraints, and decision making has implications for managing this fishery and others. Moreover, it demonstrates the value of pursuing an improved understanding of the fishing process from the perspective of the fishers.
在捕鱼活动中，社会系统与生态系统相互交织。然而，尽管捕鱼过程对于理解和管理渔业至关重要，但我们往往对其缺乏深入了解。对渔民所面临的机会、限制以及他们在机会和限制背景下如何做出决策进行定量的、机制性的理解，将有助于设计渔业管理策略，以实现生态和社会的双重目标，并提高科学预测不同策略影响的能力。我们研究了加勒比珊瑚礁渔业中用鱼叉捕鱼的案例。我们在渔民的鱼叉枪上安装摄像头，以观察他们遇到的鱼、限制他们捕鱼能力的因素，以及他们如何决定捕哪种鱼。我们观察了使用压缩空气辅助潜水和不使用压缩空气潜水的鱼叉捕鱼者，并通过视频内容分析和渔民目标选择决策模型比较了每种方法的捕鱼过程。使用压缩空气的潜水者遇到的鱼更多，捕获每条鱼所需的时间更少，成功捕获率更高。我们还分析了这个多物种渔业中不同分类群之间的差异，因为已知一些分类群在生态或经济上比其他分类群更有价值。鹦嘴鱼对健康的珊瑚礁生态至关重要，它们比其他任何分类群都更频繁地被遇到和捕获。渔民根据鱼的市场价值、与渔民的距离以及分类群来决定捕哪种鱼。所发现的关于渔民机会、限制和决策的信息对管理这个渔业及其他渔业具有重要意义。此外，它还展示了从渔民角度深入了解捕鱼过程的价值。
