埃塞俄比亚南方民族、民族与人民地区锡尔特州沃拉贝镇居民对精神疾病患者的社区态度及相关因素
Community Attitude and Associated Factors towards People with Mental Illness among Residents of Worabe Town, Silte Zone, Southern Nation's Nationalities and People's Region, Ethiopia.
作者信息
Bedaso Asres, Yeneabat Tebikew, Yohannis Zegeye, Bedasso Kufa, Feyera Fetuma
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2016 Mar 1;11(3):e0149429. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149429. eCollection 2016.
BACKGROUND
Mental illnesses worldwide are accompanied by another pandemic, that of stigma and discrimination. Public understanding about mental illnesses and attitudes towards people with mental illness play a paramount role in the prevention and treatment of mental illness and the rehabilitation of people with mental illness.
OBJECTIVE
To assess community attitude and associated factors towards people with mental illness.
METHODS
Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 28 to May 28, 2014. Quantitative data were collected through interview from 435 adults selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using community attitude towards mentally ill (CAMI) tool to assess community attitude towards people with mental illness and associated factors. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of community attitude towards people with mental illness and the level of significance association was determined by beta with 95% confidence interval and P less than 0.05.
RESULTS
The highest mean score was on social restrictiveness subscale (31.55±5.62). Farmers had more socially restrictive view (β = 0.291, CI [0.09, 0.49]) and have less humanistic view towards mentally ill (β = 0.193, CI [-0.36, -0.03]). Having mental health information had significantly less socially restrictive (β = -0.59, CI [-1.13, -0.05]) and less authoritarian (β = -0.10, CI [-1.11, -0.06]) view towards mentally ill but respondents who are at university or college level reported to be more socially restrictive (β = 0.298, CI [0.059, 0.54]). Respondents whose age is above 48 years old had significantly less view of community mental health ideology (β = -0.59, CI [-1.09, -0.08]).
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Residents of Worabe town were highly socially restrictive but less authoritarian. There was high level of negative attitude towards people with mental illness along all the subscales with relative variation indicating a need to develop strategies to change negative attitude attached to mental illness in Worabe town at community level.
背景
全球范围内，精神疾病伴随着另一场“大流行”，即污名化和歧视。公众对精神疾病的理解以及对患有精神疾病者的态度，在精神疾病的预防、治疗以及患者康复方面起着至关重要的作用。
目的
评估社区对患有精神疾病者的态度及相关因素。
方法
于2014年4月28日至5月28日开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。通过访谈，采用简单随机抽样法从435名成年人中收集定量数据。使用社区对精神病患者的态度（CAMI）工具收集数据，以评估社区对患有精神疾病者的态度及相关因素。进行多元线性回归分析，以确定社区对患有精神疾病者态度的预测因素，并通过β值、95%置信区间和P值小于0.05来确定显著关联水平。
结果
社会限制性子量表的平均得分最高（31.55±5.62）。农民对精神疾病患者的社会限制观念更强（β = 0.291，置信区间[0.09, 0.49]），且对精神疾病患者的人文观念更淡薄（β = 0.193，置信区间[-0.36, -0.03]）。掌握心理健康信息的人对精神疾病患者的社会限制观念明显更弱（β = -0.59，置信区间[-1.13, -0.05]），且专制观念更弱（β = -0.10，置信区间[-1.11, -0.06]），但大学学历的受访者对精神疾病患者的社会限制观念更强（β = 0.298，置信区间[0.059, 0.54]）。年龄在48岁以上的受访者对社区心理健康观念的认同明显更少（β = -0.59，置信区间[-1.09, -0.08]）。
结论与建议
沃拉贝镇居民的社会限制观念很强，但专制观念较弱。在所有子量表上，对患有精神疾病者的负面态度都很高，相对差异表明有必要制定策略，在社区层面改变沃拉贝镇对精神疾病的负面态度。
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