Kumar Vinod, Kumar Rajesh, Kumar Ajit, Anal Dubedi
J Environ Biol. 2016 Jan;37(1):91-100.
Abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in association with litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) trees were studied during 2012-2013, where orchard soil had high pH (7.42-9.53) and salinity (0.07- 0.39 dSm(-1)). A total of 105 rhizospheric soil and root samples were collected considering variables like location, age of tree, cultivar and production management. Results showed that spore count was in the range of 1-22 g(-1) soil. All the examined root segments had colonization of AMF, which ranged between 3.3 to 90.0%. AMF community comprised of Glomus mosseae, G. intaradices, G. constricta, G. coronatum, G. fasciculatum, G. albidum, G. hoi, G. multicauli, Acaulospora scrobiculata, A. laevis, Rhizophagus litchi and Entrophosphora infrequens. Higher spore density and AMF colonization were observed at medium level (13-28 kg ha(-1)) of available phosphorus that decreased ('r' = -0.21 for spore density, -0.48 for root colonization) with increasing soil phosphorus. While nitrogen did not influence the AMF association, a weak negative linear relationship with AMF colonization ('r' = -0.30) was apparent in the medium level (112-200 kg ha(-1)) of potash. Micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and B) did not affect spore density (zero or a very weak linear correlation) but influenced root colonization ('r' = -0.53 to -0.44), the effect being more prominent above critical limits. Nutritionally sufficient, irrigated litchi orchards had greater spore count (46% samples having 5-22 spores g(-1) soil) and colonization (> 50% in 37.4% roots examined) than nutrient deficient, non-irrigated orchards, indicating essentiality of a threshold nutrients and moisture regime for the association. AMF symbiosis was influenced by cultivar (greater in 'China'), but tree age was not correlated to mycorrhizal association. A consortium of native species coupled with the understanding of nutrient effects on AMF would be useful for field application in litchi.
2012年至2013年期间，对与荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）树共生的丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的丰度和多样性进行了研究，研究区域果园土壤的pH值较高（7.42 - 9.53），盐分含量为（0.07 - 0.39 dSm(-1)）。考虑到位置、树龄、品种和生产管理等变量，共采集了105个根际土壤和根系样本。结果表明，孢子数在1 - 22个/克土壤范围内。所有检测的根系段均有AMF定殖，定殖率在3.3%至90.0%之间。AMF群落由摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）、根内球囊霉（G. intaradices）、缩球囊霉（G. constricta）、冠球囊霉（G. coronatum）、聚丛球囊霉（G. fasciculatum）、白色球囊霉（G. albidum）、何氏球囊霉（G. hoi）、多梗球囊霉（G. multicauli）、粗柄无梗囊霉（Acaulospora scrobiculata）、平滑无梗囊霉（A. laevis）、荔枝根内球囊霉（Rhizophagus litchi）和罕见内养囊霉（Entrophosphora infrequens）组成。在有效磷中等水平（13 - 28千克/公顷）时观察到较高的孢子密度和AMF定殖率，随着土壤磷含量增加，孢子密度（“r” = -0.21）和根系定殖率（“r” = -0.48）下降。虽然氮对AMF共生没有影响，但在钾肥中等水平（112 - 200千克/公顷）时，与AMF定殖率存在微弱的负线性关系（“r” = -0.30）。微量元素（锌、铁、铜、锰和硼）不影响孢子密度（零或非常弱的线性相关），但影响根系定殖率（“r” = -0.53至 -0.44），在临界值以上影响更为显著。营养充足、灌溉良好的荔枝果园比营养缺乏、未灌溉的果园有更高的孢子数（46%的样本孢子数为5 - 22个/克土壤）和定殖率（37.4%检测根系中定殖率> 50%），表明阈值养分和水分状况对这种共生关系至关重要。AMF共生受到品种的影响（‘China’品种中更明显），但树龄与菌根共生关系无关。本地物种组合以及对养分对AMF影响的了解将有助于荔枝的田间应用。
