Loeb C
Institute of Clinical Neurology, University of Genova, Italy.
Eur Neurol. 1989;29 Suppl 2:2-7. doi: 10.1159/000116454.
The term lacuna or lacunar cavity defines the pathological lesion while the clinical pictures due to lacuna or lacunes are referred to as 'lacunar syndromes'. The lacunar syndromes include: (1) the typical lacunar syndromes or lacunar syndromes proper--pure motor hemiplegia, pure sensory stroke, ataxic hemiparesis including dysarthria and clumsy hand, sensorimotor stroke and abnormal movement syndromes, (2) reversible ischemic attacks (TIA and/or PTIA or RIND), (3) other clinical syndromes which may be due to lacunar lesions such as suprabulbar palsy; lacunar dementia, or subacute arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (or Binswanger's disease). The different clinical pictures are reviewed, some mechanisms underlying the lacunar lesion are briefly discussed and the old label 'small vessel diseases' in cases with lacunes is reconsidered.
腔隙或腔隙性空洞这一术语定义了病理损害，而由腔隙或腔隙所致的临床表现被称为“腔隙综合征”。腔隙综合征包括：（1）典型的腔隙综合征或狭义的腔隙综合征——纯运动性偏瘫、纯感觉性卒中、包括构音障碍和手笨拙的共济失调性偏瘫、感觉运动性卒中和异常运动综合征，（2）可逆性缺血性发作（短暂性脑缺血发作和/或持久性短暂性脑缺血发作或可逆性缺血性神经功能缺损），（3）其他可能由腔隙性损害引起的临床综合征，如脑桥上部麻痹；腔隙性痴呆，或亚急性动脉硬化性脑病（或宾斯旺格病）。本文对不同的临床表现进行了综述，简要讨论了腔隙性损害的一些潜在机制，并重新审视了有腔隙病例中旧的标签“小血管疾病”。
