Nutrigenomics Research Group,UCD Conway Institute,School of Public Health and Population Science,University College Dublin,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
Diabetes Complications Research Centre,UCD Conway Institute and School of Medicine,University College Dublin,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2016 May;75(2):115-24. doi: 10.1017/S0029665116000070. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
Obesity-related metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes and CVD share a number of pathological features, one of which is metabolic-inflammation. Metabolic-inflammation results from the infiltration of immune cells into the adipose tissue, driving a pro-inflammatory environment, which can induce IR. Furthermore, resolution of inflammation, an active process wherein the immune system counteracts pro-inflammatory states, may be dysregulated in obesity. Anti-inflammatory nutritional interventions have focused on attenuating this pro-inflammatory environment. Furthermore, with inherent variability among individuals, establishing at-risk populations who respond favourably to nutritional intervention strategies is important. This review will focus on chronic low-grade metabolic-inflammation, resolution of inflammation and the putative role anti-inflammatory nutrients have as a potential therapy. Finally, in the context of personalised nutrition, the approaches used in defining individuals who respond favourably to nutritional interventions will be highlighted. With increasing prevalence of obesity in younger people, age-dependent biological processes, preventative strategies and therapeutic options are important to help protect against development of obesity-associated co-morbidities.
肥胖相关的代谢性疾病，如胰岛素抵抗（IR）、2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病（CVD），具有许多共同的病理特征，其中之一是代谢性炎症。代谢性炎症是由免疫细胞浸润脂肪组织引起的，导致促炎环境，从而可诱导 IR。此外，炎症的消退是一个积极的过程，即免疫系统对抗促炎状态，在肥胖中可能失调。抗炎性营养干预的重点是减轻这种促炎环境。此外，由于个体之间存在固有变异性，确定对营养干预策略反应良好的高危人群非常重要。本综述将重点关注慢性低度代谢性炎症、炎症消退以及抗炎营养素作为潜在治疗方法的作用。最后，在个性化营养的背景下，将强调用于确定对营养干预反应良好的个体的方法。随着肥胖在年轻人中的发病率不断上升，年龄依赖性的生物学过程、预防策略和治疗选择对于帮助预防肥胖相关合并症的发生非常重要。
