CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
Chem Soc Rev. 2016 Oct 7;45(19):5174-86. doi: 10.1039/c6cs00074f. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
Dendrimers are hyperbranched polymers having a perfectly defined structure because they are synthesized step-by-step in an iterative fashion, and not by polymerization reactions. Some dendrimers are considered as inorganic, as they possess inorganic atoms at each branching point. Among numerous examples, two families of inorganic dendrimers have emerged as particularly promising: silicon-containing dendrimers, particularly carbosilanes, and phosphorus-containing dendrimers, particularly phosphorhydrazones. This tutorial review will display the main properties of both families of dendrimers in the fields of catalysis, materials and biology/nanomedicine. Emphasis will be put on the most recent and promising examples.
树枝状聚合物是具有完美定义结构的超支化聚合物，因为它们是通过逐步的迭代合成的，而不是通过聚合反应。有些树枝状聚合物被认为是无机的，因为它们在每个分支点都含有无机原子。在众多例子中，两类无机树枝状聚合物脱颖而出：含硅的树枝状聚合物，特别是碳硅烷；和含磷的树枝状聚合物，特别是磷腙。本综述将展示这两类树枝状聚合物在催化、材料和生物/纳米医学领域的主要性能。重点将放在最新和最有前途的例子上。
