Yokoyama T
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi. 1989 May;27(5):533-43.
To determine trends of death rates for patients with chronic pulmonary diseases the author compiled the numbers of deaths per 100,000 Japanese population per annum based on the annual reports of the Japan Vital Statistics for the past 43 years. Death rates for the newborn population as well as for the younger population decreased while those for the aged population remained unchanged. Increasing numbers of deaths from lung cancer and decreasing numbers of death from pulmonary tuberculosis were noted. The death rate from the chronic obstructive lung diseases was maintained while the death rate for diffuse fibrotic lung diseases tended to be elevated. Baseline reference values for respiratory physiology parameters, established by the Special Commission for Respiration Physiology of the Japan Society of Chest Diseases, were presented by single linear regression equations represented in terms of age covering the subject's whole age span, including the aged population. The author carried out further analyses based on the data collected in a multi-center cross-sectional survey and concerning, some parameters found consistent differences the linear regression equation calculated for the aged population from those for the younger population. A longitudinal survey conducted by follow-up observations at Keio University Hospital to determine the annual decline of parameters on respiration physiology was designed to cover healthy subjects as well as subjects with chronic pulmonary diseases. Annual declines in vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, arterial oxygen tension and arterial carbon dioxide tension showed linear changes throughout the entire age span. Some parameters, such as flow max at 25% vital capacity or alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2), demonstrated statistically consistent differences in annual decline between younger and older age populations. The annual decline of parameters in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases demonstrated consistently larger values compared with those for healthy subjects. In a study on the pathophysiology and prognosis of patients with respiratory failure with/or without cor pulmonale extension of the survival period for the patients with cor pulmonale was demonstrated.
为了确定慢性肺部疾病患者的死亡率趋势，作者根据过去43年日本生命统计年报，汇编了每年每10万日本人口的死亡人数。新生儿和年轻人群的死亡率下降，而老年人群的死亡率保持不变。肺癌死亡人数增加，肺结核死亡人数减少。慢性阻塞性肺疾病的死亡率保持不变，而弥漫性肺纤维化疾病的死亡率呈上升趋势。日本胸部疾病学会呼吸生理特别委员会确定的呼吸生理参数基线参考值，以涵盖包括老年人群在内的整个年龄跨度的年龄的单一线性回归方程表示。作者基于多中心横断面调查收集的数据进行了进一步分析，涉及一些参数，发现老年人群计算的线性回归方程与年轻人群的线性回归方程存在一致差异。庆应义塾大学医院进行的一项纵向调查，通过随访观察来确定呼吸生理参数的年度下降情况，旨在涵盖健康受试者以及慢性肺部疾病患者。肺活量、用力肺活量、一秒用力呼气量、动脉血氧分压和动脉血二氧化碳分压的年度下降在整个年龄跨度内呈线性变化。一些参数，如25%肺活量时的最大流速或肺泡-动脉血氧分压差（AaDO2），在年轻和老年人群的年度下降方面表现出统计学上的一致差异。与健康受试者相比，慢性肺部疾病患者参数的年度下降始终更大。在一项关于有或无肺心病的呼吸衰竭患者的病理生理学和预后的研究中，证明了肺心病患者生存期的延长。
