Oeding P
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1989 Dec 10;109(34-36):3569-73.
Ten epidemics of plague are known to have occurred in Bergen, Norway, from the Black Death in 1349 to the last epidemic in 1637. Seven of them took place after 1530, and the primary sources of only three are known from the first 180 years of the plague period. Therefore, additional epidemics have probably occurred of which we have no knowledge. After the Black Death, bubonic plague probably hit Bergen, and the infection seems to have always been imported by ships, especially ships from Baltic cities. During the last five epidemics in Bergen 12,900-14,500 people died on plague in the course of 70 years, i.e. twice the population of the city. Extended immigration following each epidemic kept the size of the population up to 6,000-7,000. The death rate was clearly lower among the Germans at the Hanseatic Office than in the Norwegian city population. This was probably because an increasing percentage of Germans had become immune to plague after each epidemic, since the losses at the Office were not compensated for by immigration. It is concluded that the plague epidemics are the main reason for the population crises in Bergen in this period.
从1349年的黑死病到1637年的最后一次疫情，挪威卑尔根已知发生过十次鼠疫疫情。其中七次发生在1530年之后，而在鼠疫流行的前180年里，仅知道三次疫情的主要来源。因此，很可能还有我们不知道的其他疫情发生过。黑死病之后，腺鼠疫可能袭击了卑尔根，而且感染似乎一直是由船只传入的，尤其是来自波罗的海城市的船只。在卑尔根的最后五次疫情中，70年间有12900至14500人死于鼠疫，即相当于该城市人口的两倍。每次疫情之后大量的移民使人口数量维持在6000至7000人。汉萨同盟办事处的德国人死亡率明显低于挪威城市人口。这可能是因为每次疫情之后越来越多的德国人对鼠疫产生了免疫力，因为办事处的人员损失没有因移民而得到补充。得出的结论是，鼠疫疫情是这一时期卑尔根人口危机的主要原因。
