Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University & Fujian Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China.
Laboratory of Marine Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361000, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Jul;100(13):5839-48. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-7408-9. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
Everyday huge amount of treated municipal wastewater is discharged into the coastal seawater. However, microbial biomarkers for the municipal effluent instead of the fecal species from raw sewage have not been proposed. Meanwhile, bacterial taxa for degrading large amounts of input organics have not been fully understood. In this study, raw effluent and serial water samples were collected from the coastal dispersal of two sewage treatment plants in Xiamen, China. Free-living (FL) and particle-associated (PA) bacterial communities were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and quantitative PCR to measure bacterial abundance. The PA bacterial communities in our samples exhibited higher cell abundance, alpha diversity, and population dynamics than the FL bacterial communities, which supports greater environmental significance of the PA bacterial communities. Two non-fecal but typical genera in activated sludge, Zoogloea and Dechloromonas, exhibited decreased but readily detectable abundance along the effluent dispersal distance. Furthermore, the dominating microbial species near the outfalls were related to well-known marine indigenous taxa, such as SAR11 clade, OM60 clade, low-GC Actinobacteria, and unclassified Flavobacteriales, as well as the less understood taxa like Pseudohongiella and Microbacteriaceae. It is interesting that these taxa exhibited two types of correlation patterns with COD concentration. Our study suggested Zoogloea as a potential indicator of municipal effluents and also proposed potential utilizers of residual effluent COD in marine environments.
每天都有大量处理后的城市污水排入沿海水域。然而，目前还没有提出用于城市污水的微生物生物标志物，而不是来自原污水的粪便物种。同时，对于降解大量输入有机物的细菌分类群还没有得到充分的了解。在这项研究中，从中国厦门的两个污水处理厂的沿海扩散区采集了原污水和连续水样。通过高通量测序 16S rRNA 基因和定量 PCR 来测量细菌丰度，分析了自由生活 (FL) 和颗粒相关 (PA) 的细菌群落。与 FL 细菌群落相比，我们样本中的 PA 细菌群落表现出更高的细胞丰度、alpha 多样性和种群动态，这支持了 PA 细菌群落具有更大的环境意义。在活性污泥中，Zoogloea 和 Dechloromonas 这两个非粪便但典型的属，尽管丰度降低但仍可检测到。此外，在出水口附近占主导地位的微生物物种与已知的海洋土著分类群有关，如 SAR11 类群、OM60 类群、低 GC 放线菌和未分类的黄杆菌目，以及不太了解的分类群，如 Pseudohongiella 和 Microbacteriaceae。有趣的是，这些分类群与 COD 浓度表现出两种类型的相关模式。本研究提出 Zoogloea 作为城市污水的潜在指示物，并提出了海洋环境中残留污水 COD 的潜在利用者。
