Wang X, Farnell Y Z, Peebles E D, Kiess A S, Wamsley K G S, Zhai W
Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, 39762.
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 39762.
Poult Sci. 2016 Jun 1;95(6):1332-40. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew030. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
Effects of commercial antimicrobials and the individual and combinational use of commercial prebiotics and probiotics in feed from d zero to 41 on the growth performance, small intestine size, jejunal morphology, and ileal resident bacteria population of broiler chickens were determined. A total of 1,040 one-day-old male Ross × Ross 708 broilers were randomly distributed to 80 floor pens (5 treatments, 16 replications per treatment, 13 chicks per pen). Five dietary treatments were employed: 1) a corn soybean-meal basal diet (served as a negative control diet, NC); 2) a basal diet supplemented with a commercial prebiotic product (Pre); 3) a basal diet supplemented with a probiotic product containing Bacillus subtilis spores (Pro); 4) a basal diet supplemented with both prebiotic and probiotic products (Pre + Pro); and 5) a basal diet supplemented with commercial antimicrobials (served as a positive control diet, PC). At d 14, Pre diets improved the relative level of Lactobacillus in ileal mucosa as compared to NC, Pro, or PC diets (P = 0.045) without improving broiler BW. Broilers fed PC diets exhibited the highest BW gain from d 15 to 27, the lowest duodenum, jejunum, and ileum relative weights as percentage of BW at d 27, and the highest breast weight at d 42 (P = 0.026, 0.035, 0.002, 0.025, and 0.035, respectively). Broilers fed Pro or Pre + Pro diets exhibited higher BW gain from d 28 to 41 (P = 0.005) and higher overall BW gain from d zero to 41 (P = 0.039) than those fed other diets. Dietary treatments did not affect jejunal morphology or ileal resident Escherichia coli level at any age. From our results, including spores of Bacillus subtilis in feed may stimulate growth at a later age and may facilitate broilers in reaching their target weight sooner. Therefore, probiotics are recommended as potential alternatives to antimicrobials in chicken diets, especially in grower and finisher feed.
研究了从第0天到第41天，商用抗菌剂以及商用益生元与益生菌在饲料中的单独及联合使用对肉鸡生长性能、小肠大小、空肠形态和回肠常驻细菌种群的影响。总共1040只1日龄雄性罗斯×罗斯708肉鸡被随机分配到80个地面围栏中（5种处理，每种处理16个重复，每个围栏13只鸡）。采用了五种日粮处理：1）玉米豆粕基础日粮（作为阴性对照日粮，NC）；2）补充了商用益生元产品的基础日粮（Pre）；3）补充了含有枯草芽孢杆菌孢子的益生菌产品的基础日粮（Pro）；4）同时补充了益生元和益生菌产品的基础日粮（Pre + Pro）；5）补充了商用抗菌剂的基础日粮（作为阳性对照日粮，PC）。在第14天，与NC、Pro或PC日粮相比，Pre日粮提高了回肠黏膜中乳酸杆菌的相对水平（P = 0.045），但未提高肉鸡体重。饲喂PC日粮的肉鸡在第15天至第27天体重增加最高，在第27天十二指肠、空肠和回肠相对体重占体重的百分比最低，在第42天胸肌重量最高（分别为P = 0.026、0.0
