Penrose B, Johnson Née Payne K A, Arkhipov A, Maksimenko A, Gaschak S, Meacham M C, Crout N J M, White P J, Beresford N A, Broadley M R
NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; Horticulture Research International (now University of Warwick), Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, UK.
J Environ Radioact. 2016 May;155-156:112-121. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.02.020. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
Radiocaesium and radiostrontium enter the human food chain primarily via soil-plant transfer. However, uptake of these radionuclides can differ significantly within species (between cultivars). The aim of this study was to assess inter-cultivar variation in soil-to-plant transfer of radiocaesium and radiostrontium in a leafy crop species, Brassica oleracea. This study comprised four independent experiments: two pot experiments in a controlled environment artificially contaminated with radiocaesium, and two field experiments in an area contaminated with radiocaesium and radiostrontium in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Radiocaesium concentration ratios varied 35-fold among 27 cultivars grown in pots in a controlled environment. These 27 cultivars were then grown with a further 44 and 43 other cultivars in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In the field-grown cultivars radiocaesium concentration ratios varied by up to 35-fold and radiostrontium concentration ratios varied by up to 23-fold. In three of these experiments (one pot experiment, two field experiments) one out of the 27 cultivars was found to have a consistently lower radiocaesium concentration ratio than the other cultivars. The two field experiments showed that, five out of the 66 cultivars common to both experiments had consistently lower radiocaesium concentration ratios, and two cultivars had consistently lower radiostrontium concentration ratios. One cultivar had consistently lower radiocaesium and radiostrontium concentration ratios. The identification of cultivars that have consistently lower radiocaesium and/or radiostrontium concentration ratios suggests that cultivar selection or substitution may be an effective remediation strategy in radiologically contaminated areas. Future research should focus on plant species that are known to be the largest contributors to human dose.
放射性铯和放射性锶主要通过土壤-植物转移进入人类食物链。然而，这些放射性核素在物种内部（不同品种之间）的吸收情况可能有显著差异。本研究的目的是评估叶菜类作物甘蓝中放射性铯和放射性锶从土壤到植物转移的品种间差异。本研究包括四个独立实验：两个在人工受放射性铯污染的可控环境中的盆栽实验，以及两个在切尔诺贝利禁区受放射性铯和放射性锶污染区域的田间实验。在可控环境中盆栽生长的27个品种中，放射性铯浓度比相差35倍。然后，这27个品种在2003年和2004年分别与另外44个和43个品种一起在切尔诺贝利禁区种植。在田间种植的品种中，放射性铯浓度比相差高达35倍，放射性锶浓度比相差高达23倍。在其中三个实验（一个盆栽实验、两个田间实验）中，发现27个品种中有一个的放射性铯浓度比始终低于其他品种。两个田间实验表明，两个实验共有的66个品种中有5个的放射性铯浓度比始终较低，有两个品种的放射性锶浓度比始终较低。有一个品种的放射性铯和放射性锶浓度比始终较低。识别出放射性铯和/或放射性锶浓度比始终较低的品种表明，品种选择或替换可能是放射性污染地区一种有效的修复策略。未来的研究应聚焦于已知对人类剂量贡献最大的植物物种。
