Dupe R J, Goddard M E, Bywater R J
Beecham Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Tadworth, Surrey.
Vet Rec. 1989 Dec 16;125(25):620-4.
Two oral rehydration solutions (ORS 1 and ORS 2) were evaluated in isolated intestinal loops of anaesthetised calves, in an experimental model of dehydration in the calf, in calves with experimentally induced diarrhoea and in 164 calves with clinical diarrhoea. The studies in isolated intestinal loops indicated that water absorption was significantly greater from ORS 2 than from ORS 1. After the intraperitoneal administration of hypertonic mannitol combined with intravenous diuretics, the plasma volume of calves was reduced by about 30 per cent, and was more rapidly expanded after treatment with ORS 2 than ORS 1. The plasma volume remained significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) three hours after dosing with ORS 1 whereas after treatment with ORS 2 it was not significantly different from the initial value. Acidosis was corrected to a significantly (P less than 0.01) greater extent after treatment with ORS 2, and peripheral perfusion also returned to normal more rapidly in calves given ORS 2. In newly purchased calves in which diarrhoea was induced experimentally with an E coli challenge, base deficit and diarrhoea were corrected more rapidly in the calves receiving ORS 2. When the solutions were tested in the treatment of 164 clinical cases of diarrhoea and dehydration there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the formulations, although the overall mortality was 4.8 per cent in the calves treated with ORS 2, compared with 8.6 per cent in the calves treated with ORS 1. It was concluded that ORS 2 performed better than ORS 1 especially in the expansion of plasma volume and the correction of acidosis.
在麻醉小牛的离体肠袢、小牛脱水实验模型、实验性诱导腹泻的小牛以及164头临床腹泻小牛中，对两种口服补液溶液（ORS 1和ORS 2）进行了评估。在离体肠袢实验中，结果表明ORS 2的水吸收显著高于ORS 1。腹腔注射高渗甘露醇并静脉注射利尿剂后，小牛的血浆量减少约30%，与ORS 1相比，ORS 2治疗后血浆量恢复更快。服用ORS 1三小时后，血浆量仍显著减少（P<0.01），而用ORS 2治疗后，血浆量与初始值无显著差异。用ORS 2治疗后，酸中毒得到更显著（P<0.01）的纠正，给予ORS 2的小牛外周灌注也恢复正常更快。在新购的小牛中，用大肠杆菌攻击实验性诱导腹泻，接受ORS 2的小牛碱缺失和腹泻得到更快纠正。当在164例腹泻和脱水临床病例的治疗中测试这些溶液时，两种配方之间的死亡率无统计学显著差异，尽管接受ORS 2治疗的小牛总体死亡率为4.8%，而接受ORS 1治疗的小牛为8.6%。结论是ORS 2的表现优于ORS 1，尤其是在血浆量扩充和酸中毒纠正方面。
