Hsia Jennifer K, Creinin Mitchell D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Sacramento, California.
Semin Reprod Med. 2016 May;34(3):175-82. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1571438. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
Currently, there are only two basic types of intrauterine devices (IUDs): copper and hormonal. However, other types of IUDs are under development, some of which are in clinical trials around the world. Continued development has focused on increasing efficacy, longer duration of use, and noncontraceptive benefits. This review discusses currently available intrauterine contraceptives, such as the Cu380A IUD and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems; novel intrauterine contraceptives that are available in select parts of the world including the intrauterine ball, low-dose copper products, frameless devices, and intrauterine delivery systems impregnated with noncontraceptive medication; and novel products currently in development.
目前，宫内节育器（IUD）仅有两种基本类型：含铜型和激素型。然而，其他类型的宫内节育器正在研发中，其中一些正在全球范围内进行临床试验。持续的研发工作聚焦于提高有效性、延长使用期限以及非避孕益处。本综述讨论了目前可用的宫内避孕药具，如Cu380A宫内节育器和左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统；在世界某些地区可用的新型宫内避孕药具，包括宫内球、低剂量含铜产品、无框架装置以及浸渍有非避孕药物的宫内给药系统；以及目前正在研发的新产品。
