Wang Christina, Festin Mario P R, Swerdloff Ronald S
Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509 USA ; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509 USA.
UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep. 2016;5:38-47. doi: 10.1007/s13669-016-0140-8. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
Hormonal male contraception clinical trials began in the 1970s. The method is based on the use of exogenous testosterone alone or in combination with a progestin to suppress the endogenous production of testosterone and spermatogenesis. Studies using testosterone alone showed that the method was very effective with few adverse effects. Addition of a progestin increases the rate and extent of suppression of spermatogenesis. Common adverse effects include acne, injection site pain, mood change including depression, and changes in libido that are usually mild and rarely lead to discontinuation. Current development includes long-acting injectables and transdermal gels and novel androgens that may have both androgenic and progestational activities. Surveys showed that over 50 % of men will accept a new male method and female partners will trust their partner to take oral "male pills." Partnership between government, nongovernment agencies, academia, and industry may generate adequate interest and collaboration to develop and market the first male hormonal contraception.
激素男性避孕临床试验始于20世纪70年代。该方法基于单独使用外源性睾酮或与孕激素联合使用，以抑制内源性睾酮的产生和精子发生。单独使用睾酮的研究表明，该方法非常有效，且副作用很少。添加孕激素可提高精子发生的抑制率和抑制程度。常见的副作用包括痤疮、注射部位疼痛、情绪变化（包括抑郁）以及性欲改变，这些通常较轻，很少导致停药。目前的研发包括长效注射剂、透皮凝胶以及可能兼具雄激素和孕激素活性的新型雄激素。调查显示，超过50%的男性会接受新的男性避孕方法，女性伴侣也会信任其伴侣服用口服“男性避孕药”。政府、非政府机构、学术界和产业界之间的合作可能会引发足够的兴趣并促成合作，以开发和推广首款男性激素避孕药。
