Dumontet C
Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Hôpital Félix Guyon, Saint-Denis.
J Chir (Paris). 1989 Dec;126(12):682-6.
Monoclonal antibodies, produced in vitro from hybridoma supernatants, may be administered to cancer patients either directly or after coupling to an anticancer agent (immunoconjugates). Monoclonal antibodies concentrate in tumor site, where they initiate an anti-tumor effect, either by activation of the patient's immune system or by the cytotoxic agent which is present at high concentration within the tumor, while systemic concentrations of this agent remain low. Monoclonal antibodies which are radiolabelled also allow the immunoscintigraphic study of the immunoconjugates' diffusion within the body. Given certain precautions of administration, the clinical and biological tolerance of this type of treatment is satisfactory, most of the side effects correspond to an allergic response to the murine antibodies used. Clinical studies performed in patients with leukemias have demonstrated a significant antitumor effect although this effect is transitory. Studies performed on small series of patients with solid tumors (gastrointestinal neoplasms, melanoma, leptomeningeal localizations, ovarian peritoneal carcinosis) have shown a few cases of major responses and/or complete remissions having lasted up to periods of many months. These studies as well as the perspectives for the development of this type of therapy are presented and discussed.
从杂交瘤上清液体外产生的单克隆抗体，可直接给予癌症患者，或与抗癌剂偶联后（免疫缀合物）给予。单克隆抗体聚集在肿瘤部位，在那里它们通过激活患者的免疫系统或通过肿瘤内高浓度存在的细胞毒性剂引发抗肿瘤作用，而该剂的全身浓度保持较低。放射性标记的单克隆抗体还允许对免疫缀合物在体内的扩散进行免疫闪烁研究。在采取某些给药预防措施的情况下，这种治疗类型的临床和生物学耐受性令人满意，大多数副作用对应于对所用鼠源抗体的过敏反应。在白血病患者中进行的临床研究表明了显著的抗肿瘤作用，尽管这种作用是短暂的。对一小部分实体瘤患者（胃肠道肿瘤、黑色素瘤、软脑膜定位、卵巢腹膜癌）进行的研究显示，有少数病例出现了主要反应和/或完全缓解，持续时间长达数月。本文介绍并讨论了这些研究以及这种治疗类型的发展前景。
