Li Xun, Tan Hongzhuan, Huang Xin, Zhou Shujin, Hu Shimin, Wang Xiaojuan, Xu Xin, Liu Qian, Wen Shi Wu
School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Liuyang Municipal Hospital of Maternal and Child Health, 53 Beizheng North Road, Liuyang, Hunan, China.
Pregnancy Hypertens. 2016 Jan;6(1):66-71. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2015.11.004. Epub 2015 Nov 26.
To compare the risk factors for gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) in the same population, which may provide clues to better understanding of their etiologic mechanisms.
We conducted a cohort study in Liuyang, China, during 2010-2011. Twelve potential risk factors were investigated, including maternal age, body mass index at first antenatal visit, gender of newborn, parity, abortion history, smoking history, family history of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy complications of diabetes mellitus/renal disease/cardiac disease, reproductive tract infection, season of delivery, and district level average per capita income. Logistic regression were used to estimate odds ratios for potential risk factors.
Of 6223 pregnancies, 1.8% was complicated by PE, and 5.4% by GH. Maternal age older than 35, body mass index above 24, and pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus increased the risk of both PE and GH, while with different effect sizes. Primiparity and deliver in winter and spring (compared with summer delivery) were risk factors for GH only. Pregnancy complicated with diabetes mellitus/renal disease/cardiac disease was risk factor for PE only. Significantly lower risk of GH was observed for women younger than 25 or with low body mass index in the first trimester. Mothers carrying a male fetus were more likely to develop PE.
Risk factors for GH and PE were not exactly the same. Underling those differences might be their different etiology and mechanism. To confirm the similarities and differences been found in single study, it is important to conduct investigation in other population.
比较同一人群中妊娠期高血压（GH）和子痫前期（PE）的危险因素，这可能为更好地理解其病因机制提供线索。
2010 - 2011年期间，我们在中国浏阳进行了一项队列研究。调查了12个潜在危险因素，包括产妇年龄、首次产前检查时的体重指数、新生儿性别、产次、流产史、吸烟史、高血压家族史、妊娠期糖尿病、糖尿病/肾病/心脏病的妊娠并发症、生殖道感染、分娩季节以及地区平均人均收入。采用逻辑回归估计潜在危险因素的比值比。
在6223例妊娠中，1.8%合并子痫前期，5.4%合并妊娠期高血压。产妇年龄大于35岁、体重指数高于24以及妊娠合并妊娠期糖尿病会增加子痫前期和妊娠期高血压的风险，但效应大小不同。初产以及在冬季和春季分娩（与夏季分娩相比）仅是妊娠期高血压的危险因素。妊娠合并糖尿病/肾病/心脏病仅是子痫前期的危险因素。25岁以下或孕早期体重指数低的女性患妊娠期高血压的风险显著降低。怀有男胎的母亲更易患子痫前期。
妊娠期高血压和子痫前期的危险因素并不完全相同。这些差异的潜在原因可能是它们不同的病因和机制。为了证实单一研究中发现的异同，在其他人群中进行调查很重要。
