Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University Health Science Center Age at Menarche and Preeclampsia, Beijing, China.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2023 Nov;25(11):993-1000. doi: 10.1111/jch.14737. Epub 2023 Oct 13.
This study explored the potential association between age at menarche and the risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in Chinese women. Data were sourced from the China-US Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defects Prevention, a large population-based cohort study. Our study consisted of 209 411 women pre-registered for pregnancy in two provinces in South China. Trained healthcare workers measured blood pressure at registration and recorded other pertinent health information. Using logistic regression, we assessed the correlations between age at menarche and the likelihood of developing gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, considering confounders such as maternal age, body mass index, ethnicity, parity, folic acid supplementation, education level, and occupation. The observed incidences for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were 9.65% and 2.54%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for gestational hypertension, based on age at menarche, were as follows: ≤13 years, 1.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.26); 14 years, 1.09 (1.04-1.15); 15 years, 1.11 (1.06-1.16); 16 years, 1.06 (1.01-1.12); and ≥17 years, 1.00 (reference; P for trend < .001). The correlation between age at menarche and preeclampsia varied across age groups, with the following respective ORs: 1.35 (1.20-1.52), 1.21 (1.09-1.34), 1.27 (1.15-1.39), 1.14 (1.03-1.26), and 1.00 (reference; P for trend < .001). This association appeared to be more pronounced in women with no folic acid supplementation and those with a lower education level. In conclusion, an earlier age at menarche seems to be linked to increased risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
这项研究旨在探究初潮年龄与中国女性妊娠期高血压和子痫前期风险之间的潜在关联。数据来自中美神经管缺陷防治合作项目，这是一项大型的基于人群的队列研究。我们的研究纳入了在中国南方两个省份预登记妊娠的 209411 名女性。经过培训的医护人员在登记时测量血压，并记录其他相关健康信息。我们采用 logistic 回归分析，评估了初潮年龄与妊娠期高血压和子痫前期发病风险之间的相关性，同时考虑了母亲年龄、体重指数、种族、产次、叶酸补充、受教育程度和职业等混杂因素。妊娠期高血压和子痫前期的观察发生率分别为 9.65%和 2.54%。基于初潮年龄，妊娠期高血压的调整比值比（OR）如下：≤13 岁，1.18（95%置信区间：1.11-1.26）；14 岁，1.09（1.04-1.15）；15 岁，1.11（1.06-1.16）；16 岁，1.06（1.01-1.12）；≥17 岁，1.00（参考；趋势 P<.001）。初潮年龄与子痫前期之间的相关性因年龄组而异，相应的 OR 分别为：1.35（1.20-1.52）、1.21（1.09-1.34）、1.27（1.15-1.39）、1.14（1.03-1.26）和 1.00（参考；趋势 P<.001）。这种关联在未补充叶酸的女性和受教育程度较低的女性中更为明显。总之，初潮年龄较早似乎与妊娠期高血压和子痫前期的风险增加有关。
