Golobof Alexandra, Kiley Jessica
Section of Family Planning and Contraception, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Semin Reprod Med. 2016 May;34(3):145-51. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1572546. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
Millions of women in the United States and abroad use oral contraceptive pills. These popular contraceptives are the most common reversible birth control method in the United States, and a wide variety of pills are available for prescription. Oral contraceptives provide safe and effective protection against pregnancy and offer several noncontraceptive benefits. Over the years, advances in the laboratory and knowledge gained through epidemiologic data promoted the development of new contraceptive preparations. Generations of oral contraceptives emerged over time, containing lower doses of estrogens and new and novel progestins. The current review discusses the clinical characteristics of oral contraceptives, with emphasis on basic pharmacology and the evolution of various contraceptive formulations and regimens.
在美国和国外，数以百万计的女性使用口服避孕药。这些广受欢迎的避孕药是美国最常见的可逆性节育方法，有各种各样的药丸可供处方使用。口服避孕药能提供安全有效的避孕保护，并带来一些非避孕益处。多年来，实验室的进展以及通过流行病学数据获得的知识推动了新避孕制剂的开发。随着时间的推移，几代口服避孕药相继出现，所含雌激素剂量更低，还有新型和新颖的孕激素。本综述讨论了口服避孕药的临床特征，重点是基本药理学以及各种避孕制剂和方案的演变。
