Drury Jonathan, Clavel Julien, Manceau Marc, Morlon Hélène
Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, Inserm, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.
Syst Biol. 2016 Jul;65(4):700-10. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syw020. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
Many classical ecological and evolutionary theoretical frameworks posit that competition between species is an important selective force. For example, in adaptive radiations, resource competition between evolving lineages plays a role in driving phenotypic diversification and exploration of novel ecological space. Nevertheless, current models of trait evolution fit to phylogenies and comparative data sets are not designed to incorporate the effect of competition. The most advanced models in this direction are diversity-dependent models where evolutionary rates depend on lineage diversity. However, these models still treat changes in traits in one branch as independent of the value of traits on other branches, thus ignoring the effect of species similarity on trait evolution. Here, we consider a model where the evolutionary dynamics of traits involved in interspecific interactions are influenced by species similarity in trait values and where we can specify which lineages are in sympatry. We develop a maximum likelihood based approach to fit this model to combined phylogenetic and phenotypic data. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the approach accurately estimates the simulated parameter values across a broad range of parameter space. Additionally, we develop tools for specifying the biogeographic context in which trait evolution occurs. In order to compare models, we also apply these biogeographic methods to specify which lineages interact sympatrically for two diversity-dependent models. Finally, we fit these various models to morphological data from a classical adaptive radiation (Greater Antillean Anolis lizards). We show that models that account for competition and geography perform better than other models. The matching competition model is an important new tool for studying the influence of interspecific interactions, in particular competition, on phenotypic evolution. More generally, it constitutes a step toward a better integration of interspecific interactions in many ecological and evolutionary processes.
许多经典的生态与进化理论框架假定物种间的竞争是一种重要的选择力量。例如，在适应性辐射中，进化谱系间的资源竞争在推动表型多样化和开拓新的生态空间方面发挥着作用。然而，目前适用于系统发育和比较数据集的性状进化模型并未设计纳入竞争的影响。在这个方向上最先进的模型是多样性依赖模型，其中进化速率取决于谱系多样性。然而，这些模型仍然将一个分支中的性状变化视为独立于其他分支上的性状值，从而忽略了物种相似性对性状进化的影响。在此，我们考虑一个模型，其中种间相互作用所涉及的性状的进化动态受性状值的物种相似性影响，并且我们可以指定哪些谱系是同域分布的。我们开发了一种基于最大似然的方法，将该模型与系统发育和表型数据相结合。通过模拟，我们证明该方法在广泛的参数空间中准确估计了模拟的参数值。此外，我们开发了用于指定性状进化发生的生物地理背景的工具。为了比较模型，我们还应用这些生物地理方法来指定两个多样性依赖模型中哪些谱系是同域相互作用的。最后，我们将这些不同的模型应用于一个经典适应性辐射（大安的列斯群岛安乐蜥）的形态学数据。我们表明，考虑了竞争和地理因素的模型比其他模型表现更好。匹配竞争模型是研究种间相互作用，特别是竞争对表型进化影响的一个重要新工具。更一般地说，它朝着在许多生态和进化过程中更好地整合种间相互作用迈出了一步。
