Lopez Alfonso, Aburto Enrique, Jones Kathleen, Robbins William, Conboy Gary
1 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada.
2 Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada.
J Wildl Dis. 2016 Apr 28;52(2):279-85. doi: 10.7589/2015-06-149. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Eucoleus boehmi (Nematoda: Capillariidae) occurs in the nasal conchae and paranasal sinuses of wild and domestic canids. We surveyed the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) on Prince Edward Island, Canada, for E. boehmi infection and characterized the associated histopathology. Nasal capillarid infections were detected based on histologic examination of three coronal sections of the nasal cavity and by centrifugal flotation examination (CFE) of rectal feces. Capillarids were detected in histologic sections in 28 of 36 (78%) foxes; detection occurred most frequently in the caudal section (28 foxes) and least in the rostral section (10 foxes). Adult worm morphology was typical for capillarids (stichosome esophagus, bacillary bands, bipolar plugged eggs); E. boehmi eggs were specifically identified based on the characteristic pitted shell wall surface. Adult worms were detected in histologic sections in all 28 and E. boehmi eggs in 21 of the positive foxes. No eggs of Eucoleus aerophilus were observed in any of the sections. Affected foxes had an eosinophilic and lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis with goblet cell hyperplasia. Eggs of E. aerophilus were detected on CFE in 20 of 36 (56%) foxes; 19 of the histologically positive foxes were coinfected with E. aerophilus. Eggs of E. boehmi were detected on CFE in 26 of 36 (72%) foxes and were consistent in size and morphology with those described from wild canids, but they differed from those reported from cases of infection in dogs. Prevalence based on identification of eggs on histologic section or CFE indicated 27 of 36 (75%) red foxes examined were infected with E. boehmi.
波氏真毛细线虫（线虫纲：毛细科）寄生于野生和家养犬科动物的鼻甲及鼻窦。我们对加拿大爱德华王子岛的赤狐（赤狐属）进行了波氏真毛细线虫感染调查，并对相关组织病理学特征进行了描述。通过对鼻腔三个冠状切片进行组织学检查以及对直肠粪便进行离心浮选检查（CFE）来检测鼻腔毛细线虫感染情况。在36只狐狸中的28只（78%）的组织切片中检测到了毛细线虫；在尾段检测到的频率最高（28只狐狸），在头段检测到的频率最低（10只狐狸）。成虫形态是典型的毛细线虫形态（柱形食道、杆状带、双极有塞虫卵）；基于特征性的有凹坑的壳壁表面特异性鉴定出了波氏真毛细线虫卵。在所有28只组织切片中检测到成虫，在21只阳性狐狸中检测到了波氏真毛细线虫卵。在任何切片中均未观察到嗜气真毛细线虫卵。受感染的狐狸患有嗜酸性粒细胞性和淋巴细胞浆细胞性鼻炎，伴有杯状细胞增生。在36只狐狸中的20只（56%）的CFE检测中检测到了嗜气真毛细线虫卵；在组织学检查呈阳性的19只狐狸中同时感染了嗜气真毛细线虫。在36只狐狸中的26只（72%）的CFE检测中检测到了波氏真毛细线虫卵，其大小和形态与野生犬科动物中描述的一致，但与犬感染病例中报道的不同。基于组织学切片或CFE上卵的鉴定，患病率表明在检查的36只赤狐中有27只（75%）感染了波氏真毛细线虫。
