Poungchompu Onanong, Wanapat Metha, Wachirapakorn Chalong, Wanapat Sadudee, Cherdthong Anusorn
a Faculty of Natural Resources, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan , Thailand.
b Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University , Thailand.
Arch Anim Nutr. 2009;63(5):389-400. doi: 10.1080/17450390903020406.
Four fistulated Holstein Friesian heifers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The main factors were two roughage-to-concentrate ratios (R:C, 70:30 and 30:70) and two supplementation levels of soapberry fruit-mangosteen peel (SM) pellets (0 and 4% tannins-saponins of total diets). Rice straw was used as a roughage source. The diet was fed ad libitum as a total mixed ration. SM pellets contained crude tannins and saponins at 12.1 and 15.7% of DM, respectively. It was found that at R:C 30:70 the DM intake and the digestibility of DM, CP and NDF were increased (p < 0.05), while SM pellet supplementation reduced the DM digestibility (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH was decreased at R:C 30:70. Total VFA and propionate was increased at high concentrate level and after SM pellet supplementation (p < 0.05); simultaneously, the acetate concentration and the acetate-to-propionate ratios were decreased (p < 0.05). Methane production was decreased at R:C 30:70 and additionally when SM pellets were supplemented (p < 0.05). This was in agreement with the percentage of methanogens in total ruminal DNA. Furthermore, the number of fungal zoospores were reduced at a higher concentrate proportion (R:C 30:70) and by SM-pellet supplementation (p < 0.05). Protozoal populations were diminished when SM pellets were supplemented (p < 0.05). In this study, it was shown that the roughage-to-concentrate ratio, as well as the supplementation of SM pellets containing condensed tannins and saponins, caused changes in ruminal microorganisms and their fermentation end-products.
选用四头装有瘘管的荷斯坦弗里生小母牛，采用4×4拉丁方设计，进行2×2析因排列试验。主要因素为两个粗饲料与精饲料比例（R:C，70:30和30:70）以及两个无患子果-山竹果皮（SM）颗粒补充水平（占总日粮单宁-皂苷的0%和4%）。稻草用作粗饲料来源。日粮以全混合日粮的形式自由采食。SM颗粒中粗单宁和皂苷分别占干物质的12.1%和15.7%。结果发现，当R:C为30:70时，干物质摄入量以及干物质、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的消化率均有所提高（p<0.05），而补充SM颗粒则降低了干物质消化率（p<0.05）。R:C为30:70时瘤胃液pH值降低。高精饲料水平和补充SM颗粒后，总挥发性脂肪酸和丙酸增加（p<0.05）；同时，乙酸浓度和乙酸与丙酸的比例降低（p<0.05）。R:C为30:70时甲烷产量降低，补充SM颗粒时甲烷产量进一步降低（p<0.05）。这与瘤胃总DNA中产甲烷菌的百分比一致。此外，在较高精饲料比例（R:C为30:70）和补充SM颗粒时，真菌游动孢子数量减少（p<0.05）。补充SM颗粒时原生动物数量减少（p<0.05）。本研究表明，粗饲料与精饲料比例以及补充含有缩合单宁和皂苷的SM颗粒会导致瘤胃微生物及其发酵终产物发生变化。
