Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Gießen, Germany.
Institut für Technische Chemie und Umweltchemie, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2016 Apr 4;55(15):4640-9. doi: 10.1002/anie.201510856. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Rechargeable lithium-oxygen and sodium-oxygen cells have been considered as challenging concepts for next-generation batteries, both scientifically and technologically. Whereas in the case of non-aqueous Li/O2 batteries, the occurring cell reaction has been unequivocally determined (Li2O2 formation), the situation is much less clear in the case of non-aqueous Na/O2 cells. Two discharge products, with almost equal free enthalpies of formation but different numbers of transferred electrons and completely different kinetics, appear to compete, namely NaO2 and Na2O2. Cells forming either the superoxide or the peroxide have been reported, but it is unclear how the cell reaction can be influenced for selective one- or two-electron transfer to occur. In this Minireview, we summarize available data, discuss important control parameters, and offer perspectives for further research. Water and proton sources appear to play major roles.
可充电锂-氧和钠-氧电池被认为是下一代电池在科学和技术上具有挑战性的概念。虽然在非水 Li/O2 电池的情况下，发生的电池反应已经被明确确定（Li2O2 的形成），但在非水 Na/O2 电池的情况下情况要模糊得多。两种放电产物，形成它们的自由焓几乎相等，但转移的电子数不同，动力学完全不同，似乎在竞争，即 NaO2 和 Na2O2。已经报道了形成超氧化物或过氧化物的电池，但不清楚如何影响电池反应以选择性地发生单电子或双电子转移。在这篇综述中，我们总结了现有数据，讨论了重要的控制参数，并为进一步的研究提供了观点。水和质子源似乎起着重要的作用。
