Fatnassi Meriem, Padalino Barbara, Monaco David, Khorchani Touhami, Lacalandra Giovanni Michele, Hammadi Mohamed
Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute, University of Gabès, 4100, Medenine, Tunisia.
Higher Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042, Chott Mariem, Tunisia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2016 Jun;48(5):897-903. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1028-3. Epub 2016 Mar 12.
This study aimed to test the effects of the three management systems on the behavioral repertoire and particularly on the incidence of stereotypical behavior in restrained camels. Five male camels were tested under the following management systems: (i) unexposed, housing in a single box (Unexpo); (ii) continuous exposure, exposed continuously to females (ConExpoF); and (iii) re-unexposed, housing again in a single box (Re-Unexpo). Every day, bulls were filmed for 30 min and videos were analyzed using a focal animal sampling ethogram. Under the ConExpoF system, camels spent the majority of time in standing with opened legs (490.0 ± 94.3 s), looking (925.0 ± 93.7 s), and walking toward the females (206.0 ± 73.4 s) and they ate and ruminated less compared to Unexpo and Re-Unexpo systems. Rumination and standing durations were significantly longer in Re-Unexpo than in Unexpo and ConExpoF management systems. When camels were continuously exposed to females, they showed few stereotypical behaviors compared to Unexpo (490.0 ± 146.1 s) and Re-Unexpo (624.0 ± 146.1 s) systems. The frequency of both total and oral stereotypes was significantly higher in Unexpo and Re-Unexpo systems compared to ConExpoF; however, no significant difference was observed among the three management systems in the frequency of locomotor stereotypes. Overall, it appears that the continuous female exposure system might be a suitable management practice for male camels used for intensive reproduction, as it decreases the manifestation of stereotypical behavior in comparison with housing for 24 h in a single box.
本研究旨在测试三种管理系统对行为表现的影响，特别是对圈养骆驼刻板行为发生率的影响。五只雄性骆驼在以下管理系统下接受测试：（i）未暴露组，单独饲养在一个围栏中（未暴露组）；（ii）持续暴露组，持续与雌性接触（持续暴露于雌性组）；（iii）重新未暴露组，再次单独饲养在一个围栏中（重新未暴露组）。每天对骆驼拍摄30分钟，并使用焦点动物取样行为谱对视频进行分析。在持续暴露于雌性组系统下，骆驼大部分时间处于张腿站立状态（490.0±94.3秒）、观望（925.0±93.7秒）以及走向雌性（206.0±73.4秒），与未暴露组和重新未暴露组系统相比，它们进食和反刍的时间较少。重新未暴露组的反刍和站立时间显著长于未暴露组和持续暴露于雌性组管理系统。当骆驼持续与雌性接触时，与未暴露组（490.0±146.1秒）和重新未暴露组（624.0±146.1秒）系统相比，它们表现出的刻板行为较少。与持续暴露于雌性组相比，未暴露组和重新未暴露组系统中总的刻板行为和口腔刻板行为的频率显著更高；然而，在三种管理系统之间，运动刻板行为的频率没有观察到显著差异。总体而言，似乎持续与雌性接触系统可能是用于集约化繁殖的雄性骆驼的一种合适管理方式，因为与单独饲养在一个围栏中24小时相比，它减少了刻板行为的表现。
