Lander Sarah T, Coppola Erin, Tyler Wakenda, Elfar John C
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
J Hand Surg Am. 2016 May;41(5):e91-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
A paraganglioma is a highly vascularized neuroendocrine tumor most commonly found within the adrenal gland as a pheochromocytoma. Extra-adrenal paragangliomas are frequently located in the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen. We report the first documented case of a primary paraganglioma found within the appendicular skeleton. Only 2 additional cases of paragangliomas in the extremities have been documented, one in the soft tissue of the forearm and other within the median nerve. Our patient underwent amputation of the distal phalanx, with no sign of recurrence at greater than 1 year of follow-up. Because of the geographic and clinical similarity to a benign enchondroma, radiographic imaging alone may not be sufficient to rule out malignancies inside bones. Thus paraganglioma should remain in the differential and immunohistochemistry is both vital and necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Vigilant and appropriate follow-up is necessary to detect metastases early in these patients.
副神经节瘤是一种血管高度丰富的神经内分泌肿瘤,最常见于肾上腺,表现为嗜铬细胞瘤。肾上腺外副神经节瘤常位于头、颈、胸和腹部。我们报告了首例记录在案的发生于附属骨骼的原发性副神经节瘤。文献中仅另有2例副神经节瘤发生于四肢,1例位于前臂软组织,另1例位于正中神经内。我们的患者接受了远端指骨截肢术,随访1年多无复发迹象。由于在影像学表现和临床症状上与良性内生软骨瘤相似,仅靠影像学检查可能不足以排除骨内恶性肿瘤。因此,副神经节瘤仍应列入鉴别诊断范围,免疫组化对于确诊至关重要且必不可少。对这些患者进行密切且恰当的随访对于早期发现转移至关重要。