Caudle M R, Shivers C A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville 37920.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 1989 Oct;21(2):57-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1989.tb01002.x.
It is clear that the mammalian zona pellucida contains tissue-specific antigens that cross-react among certain species. Certain of these antigens generate antibodies that inhibit sperm attachment. Polyclonal antibody production may be an important aspect of this inhibition. In certain species there are other effects of anti-zona antibodies, such as direct action on the ovary. It is uncertain whether immunization with zona antigens will ever be a practical method of contraception in humans. Such vaccination might require unacceptable adjuvants or large amounts of antigen. The persistence and effectiveness of the antibody is not yet proven, and pregnancy has occurred in some despite presence of anti-zona autoantibodies. A safe and effective vaccine may still be found, however, given the large variety of zona pellucida antigens available. The cause of naturally occurring anti-zona pellucida antibodies in humans is unknown. The incidence of these antibodies depends on the assay used. The significance of positivity in a given individual is also uncertain. A number of patients will conceive if other concurrent fertility problems are treated. Positive results should be confirmed by a second method, preferably by testing the sera against human ova. Specific treatment by steroids or other immunosuppressive regimens remains controversial.
显然，哺乳动物的透明带含有在某些物种间会发生交叉反应的组织特异性抗原。其中某些抗原会产生抑制精子附着的抗体。多克隆抗体的产生可能是这种抑制作用的一个重要方面。在某些物种中，抗透明带抗体还有其他作用，比如对卵巢的直接作用。用透明带抗原进行免疫是否会成为人类实用的避孕方法尚不确定。这种疫苗接种可能需要不可接受的佐剂或大量抗原。抗体的持久性和有效性尚未得到证实，而且有些人尽管存在抗透明带自身抗体仍怀孕了。然而，鉴于有大量可用的透明带抗原，仍有可能找到一种安全有效的疫苗。人类自然产生抗透明带抗体的原因尚不清楚。这些抗体的发生率取决于所使用的检测方法。在某个个体中检测呈阳性的意义也不确定。如果同时存在的其他生育问题得到治疗，许多患者将会怀孕。阳性结果应该用第二种方法进行确认，最好是用血清检测人卵。用类固醇或其他免疫抑制方案进行特异性治疗仍存在争议。
