Pitfalls and Challenges of Lung Transplant in a Patient With Kartagener Syndrome and Scoliosis.

We present a 22-year-old woman with Kartagener syndrome and scoliosis who died 112 days after single lung transplant. The classic thoracic involvement of situs inversus totalis and the asymmetric arrangement of the thoracic vascular structures might be a pitfall for surgeon. Anatomic obstacles have forced the surgeon to perform a single transplant. The period of primary graft dysfunction in a single transplanted lung patient was a challenge; supporting the patient with a high flow and long period of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation might lead to a vanishing bronchus. Immotile cilia, a feature of Kartagener syndrome, were another challenge and patient needed several daily aspiration bronchoscopies. Vanishing bronchus is a gradual process with high mortality rates; commonly, stenosis is at the non anastomotic bronchial tree because of insufficient nourishment of the bronchial cartilages. Several repeat bronchoscopic balloon dilatations accompanied with medical treatment were unsuccessful.