Nomura S, Yamaoka K, Naitoh H
Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan.
Yakubutsu Seishin Kodo. 1989 Dec;9(4):349-58.
Animal models have played an important role in the history of research on depression. Various models, such as spontaneous depression in natural environment, drug-induced deductive models and several stress models including "learned helplessness" and "forced-running model", were introduced. Conclusions from the models reviewed in this article would be (1) some, not all, individuals of some species possibly fall into depressive state as a result of certain conditions, such as separation, repeated stress and uncontrollable aversive stimuli; (2) such depressive stage can be reversed by antidepressant drugs; (3) disrupted functional activity of norepinephrine, especially in locus coeruleus, may be closely related with neurochemical background of animal models. Significance of other systems, like GABA or serotonin, is still less evident as compared with norepinephrine. In future studies on depression, there is a need for an experimental system in which interrelation between "endogenous" and "exogenous" factors in the etiology of depression can be studied. Animal models would be a useful strategy in this context.
动物模型在抑郁症研究史上发挥了重要作用。人们引入了各种模型，如自然环境中的自发性抑郁模型、药物诱导的演绎模型以及包括“习得性无助”和“强迫跑步模型”在内的几种应激模型。本文所综述模型得出的结论如下：（1）某些物种的部分个体，而非全部个体，可能会因某些条件，如分离、反复应激和不可控厌恶刺激而陷入抑郁状态；（2）这种抑郁阶段可被抗抑郁药物逆转；（3）去甲肾上腺素功能活动的破坏，尤其是在蓝斑核中，可能与动物模型的神经化学背景密切相关。与去甲肾上腺素相比，其他系统如γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）或5-羟色胺（血清素）的意义仍不太明显。在未来的抑郁症研究中，需要一个能够研究抑郁症病因中“内源性”和“外源性”因素之间相互关系的实验系统。在这种情况下，动物模型将是一种有用的策略。
