Salinas Christine M, Dean Preston, LoGalbo Anthony, Dougherty Michael, Field Melvin, Webbe Frank M
a Comprehensive Epilepsy Center , Florida Hospital for Children , Orlando , Florida.
b College of Medicine , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida.
Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2016 Oct-Dec;5(4):264-72. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1052814. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
Approximately 136,000 concussions occur annually in American high school sports. Neuropsychological data indicate that children with preexisting cognitive difficulties, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), may have protracted recovery from concussion. ADHD, with an estimated prevalence of 11% in youth, may increase an athlete's vulnerability to sustaining sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI). The preponderance of evidence focusing on TBI and ADHD has derived from motor vehicle accidents rather than sports-related incidents. Thus, it is paramount to explore how ADHD may relate to injury in the sports concussion context, as well as to assess how ADHD may affect baseline neurocognitive testing. Adolescent athletes with ADHD (n = 256) demonstrated significantly reduced Verbal Memory, Visual Motor, and Impulse Control index scores compared with their peers without ADHD (n = 256). Athletes with ADHD were nearly twice as likely to have sustained a prior concussion (ADHD, 14.1%; non-ADHD, 7.8%). Knowledge regarding the unique neurocognitive profile of athletes with ADHD may enhance clinical management decisions.
在美国高中体育赛事中，每年约发生13.6万起脑震荡。神经心理学数据表明，患有如注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）等已有认知困难的儿童，脑震荡后的恢复时间可能会延长。ADHD在青少年中的估计患病率为11%，这可能会增加运动员遭受与运动相关的创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的易感性。目前，关于TBI和ADHD的大量证据都来自机动车事故，而非与运动相关的事件。因此，探究ADHD在运动性脑震荡背景下与损伤的关系，以及评估ADHD如何影响基线神经认知测试，至关重要。与无ADHD的同龄人（n = 256）相比，患有ADHD的青少年运动员（n = 256）在言语记忆、视觉运动和冲动控制指数得分上显著降低。患有ADHD的运动员既往发生脑震荡的可能性几乎是无ADHD运动员的两倍（ADHD组为14.1%；非ADHD组为7.8%）。了解患有ADHD的运动员独特的神经认知特征，可能会改善临床管理决策。
