Takada Shimon, Fujiwara Sho, Inoue Toshiya, Kataoka Yuki, Hadano Yoshiro, Matsumoto Kentaro, Morino Kyoko, Shimizu Taro
Department of General Internal Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Japan.
Intern Med. 2016;55(6):567-72. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.3272. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
We mainly refer to the acute setting of meningococcemia. Meningococcemia is an infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, which has 13 clinically significant serogroups that are distinguishable by the structure of their capsular polysaccharides. N. meningitidis, also called meningococcus, is a Gram-negative, aerobic, diplococcus bacterium. The various consequences of severe meningococcal sepsis include hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multiple organ failure, and osteonecrosis due to DIC. The gold standard for the identification of meningococcal infection is the bacteriologic isolation of N. meningitidis from body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid, and pleural fluid. Blood, CSF, and skin biopsy cultures are used for diagnosis. Meningococcal infection is a medical emergency that requires antibiotic therapy and intensive supportive care. Management of the systemic circulation, respiration, and intracranial pressure is vital for improving the prognosis, which has dramatically improved since the wide availability of antibiotics. This review of the literature provides an overview of current concepts on meningococcemia due to N. meningitidis infection.
我们主要关注急性脑膜炎球菌血症。脑膜炎球菌血症是由脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起的一种感染，该菌有13个具有临床意义的血清群，可通过其荚膜多糖的结构加以区分。脑膜炎奈瑟菌，也称为脑膜炎球菌，是一种革兰氏阴性需氧双球菌。严重脑膜炎球菌败血症的各种后果包括低血压、弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）、多器官功能衰竭以及由DIC导致的骨坏死。鉴定脑膜炎球菌感染的金标准是从血液、脑脊液（CSF）、滑液和胸水等体液中进行脑膜炎奈瑟菌的细菌学分离。血液、脑脊液和皮肤活检培养用于诊断。脑膜炎球菌感染是一种医疗急症，需要抗生素治疗和强化支持治疗。全身循环、呼吸和颅内压的管理对于改善预后至关重要，自从抗生素广泛应用以来，预后已得到显著改善。这篇文献综述概述了目前关于脑膜炎奈瑟菌感染所致脑膜炎球菌血症的概念。
