Klaus Jana, Mädebach Andreas, Oppermann Frank, Jescheniak Jörg D
a Department of Psychology , Leipzig University , Leipzig , Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2017 Apr;70(4):811-831. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1167926. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
This study investigated to what extent advance planning during sentence production is affected by a concurrent cognitive load. In two picture-word interference experiments in which participants produced subject-verb-object sentences while ignoring auditory distractor words, we assessed advance planning at a phonological (lexeme) and at an abstract-lexical (lemma) level under visuospatial or verbal working memory (WM) load. At the phonological level, subject and object nouns were found to be activated before speech onset with concurrent visuospatial WM load, but only subject nouns were found to be activated with concurrent verbal WM load, indicating a reduced planning scope as a function of type of WM load (Experiment 1). By contrast, at the abstract-lexical level, subject and object nouns were found to be activated regardless of type of concurrent load (Experiment 2). In both experiments, sentence planning had a more detrimental effect on concurrent verbal WM task performance than on concurrent visuospatial WM task performance. Overall, our results suggest that advance planning at the phonological level is more affected by a concurrently performed verbal WM task than advance planning at the abstract-lexical level. Also, they indicate an overlap of resources allocated to phonological planning in speech production and verbal WM.
本研究调查了句子生成过程中的提前规划在多大程度上受到并发认知负荷的影响。在两项图片-单词干扰实验中，参与者在忽略听觉干扰词的同时生成主谓宾句子，我们在视觉空间或言语工作记忆（WM）负荷下，在语音（词位）和抽象词汇（词元）层面评估提前规划。在语音层面，发现主语和宾语名词在并发视觉空间WM负荷时在言语开始前被激活，但在并发言语WM负荷时只有主语名词被激活，这表明规划范围随着WM负荷类型的不同而减小（实验1）。相比之下，在抽象词汇层面，无论并发负荷类型如何，主语和宾语名词都被发现被激活（实验2）。在两项实验中，句子规划对并发言语WM任务表现的不利影响比对并发视觉空间WM任务表现的不利影响更大。总体而言，我们的结果表明，语音层面的提前规划比抽象词汇层面的提前规划更容易受到并发言语WM任务的影响。此外，它们表明在言语生成中分配给语音规划的资源与言语WM存在重叠。
