Ghimire N, Dhakal P, Norrish D, Dangal G, Sharma D, Dhimal M, Aryal K K, Jha B K, Karki K B
Nepal Health Research Council, Ramshahpath, Nepal.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2015 Sep-Dec;13(31):182-7.
Women face numerous health problems in their post-reproductive and menopausal years, including issues such as pelvic pain, incontinence and obstetric fistula. In Nepal, the importance of these health issues is increasing with the aging of the population, yet women are often unable to access adequate health care due to entrenched gender structures and misconceptions regarding menopause. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of menopause, the associated health problems and their severity amongst women aged 40-60 years in Kapilvastu.
A descriptive study was conducted in Kapilvastu district. Multi stage cluster sampling technique was adopted: Illakas of Kapilvastu were identified, then one Village Development Committee (VDC) from each Illaka of the district, and two wards from each of these VDCs, were selected randomly.
The median age of onset of menopause was 47 years (25 th and 75 percentiles = 43 and 50 years), and >90% of women had entered menopause by 54. All symptoms in the Menopause Rating Scale were experienced to some extent by at least 30% of women, even amongst the premenopausal group. The most common problems experienced by menopausal women were: sexual problems (81.7%, 95%CI: 78.0-85.4), physical and mental exhaustion (81.5%, 95%CI: 77.8-85.2) and joint and muscular discomfort (78.5%, 95%CI: 74.6-82.4). The symptoms most frequently deemed "severe" or "very severe" were: sexual problems (40.5%), joint and muscular discomfort (27.4%), and sleep problems (21.0%). th
Middle-aged women in Kapilvastu experienced menopausal symptoms to a substantial degree. The prevalence and severity of these symptoms increased with the menopausal transition, and with increasing age. Menopause itself did not appear to be the primary risk factor for typical "menopausal" symptoms.
女性在生殖后期和绝经后会面临诸多健康问题，包括盆腔疼痛、尿失禁和产科瘘等。在尼泊尔，随着人口老龄化，这些健康问题的重要性日益凸显，但由于根深蒂固的性别结构和对更年期的误解，女性往往无法获得足够的医疗保健。本研究旨在描述卡皮拉瓦斯图40至60岁女性的绝经患病率、相关健康问题及其严重程度。
在卡皮拉瓦斯图地区进行了一项描述性研究。采用多阶段整群抽样技术：确定卡皮拉瓦斯图的伊拉卡斯，然后从该地区的每个伊拉卡中随机选择一个乡村发展委员会（VDC），再从每个VDC中随机选择两个病房。
绝经的中位年龄为47岁（第25和75百分位数分别为43岁和50岁），超过90%的女性在54岁时进入绝经状态。即使在绝经前组中，至少30%的女性在某种程度上经历了绝经评分量表中的所有症状。绝经女性最常见的问题是：性问题（81.7%，95%置信区间：78.0 - 85.4）、身心疲惫（81.5%，95%置信区间：77.8 - 85.2）以及关节和肌肉不适（78.5%，95%置信区间：74.6 - 82.4）。最常被认为“严重”或“非常严重”的症状是：性问题（40.5%）、关节和肌肉不适（27.4%）以及睡眠问题（21.0%）。
卡皮拉瓦斯图的中年女性经历了相当程度的绝经症状。这些症状的患病率和严重程度随着绝经过渡以及年龄增长而增加。绝经本身似乎并不是典型“绝经”症状的主要危险因素。
