Olaolorun Funmilola M, Lawoyin Taiwo O
Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Menopause. 2009 Jul-Aug;16(4):822-30. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318198d6e7.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of menopausal symptoms among women in Ibadan in the 4-week period preceding the survey and factors associated with these symptoms.
A descriptive cross-sectional, community-based study was carried out on Nigerian women aged 40 to 60 years, using the multistage sampling technique. Quantitative data were collected on sociodemographic, obstetric, and gynecological variables as well as symptom experience in the preceding 4 weeks using a structured questionnaire that included a standardized Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Eleven symptom groups were scored for each respondent on a scale of 0-4, with increasing severity for each score and a maximal total score of 44. The MRS is made of three subscales (somatovegetative, psychological, and urogenital) with maximal scores of 16, 16, and 12, respectively. Scores for each subscale and the overall total score were calculated for each respondent, and these served as the main outcome measures. The higher the composite score, the greater the severity of menopausal symptoms.
In all, 1,189 women with a mean age of 48.1 +/- 5.9 years were interviewed. Prevalence of any menopausal symptom was 84.5% during the 4-week period studied. Joint and muscular discomfort was the most common reported symptom among all women in this study (59.0%), followed by physical and mental exhaustion (43.0%), sexual problems (40.4%), and hot flashes (39.0%). Factors predicting the total score on the MRS were age of respondent (P = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.02-0.17), menopause status (P = 0.001; 95% CI, 0.33-1.24), and occupational group (P = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.10-1.42). Age of respondent and menopause status also predicted scores on the somatovegetative and urogenital subscales, but not on the psychological subscale. Occupation was the only predictor on the psychological subscale (P = 0.002; 95% CI, 0.16-0.75).
Prevalence of menopausal symptoms was high among women in this study. Although any woman could face challenges associated with menopausal symptoms, those who were older, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal and who had routine or manual occupations had the highest total MRS scores. All women, especially those in these categories, should receive health information and guidance on possible lifestyle adjustments to ease the disruptions that menopausal symptoms can cause.
本研究旨在确定调查前4周内伊巴丹女性更年期症状的患病率及分布情况，以及与这些症状相关的因素。
采用多阶段抽样技术，对40至60岁的尼日利亚女性进行了一项基于社区的描述性横断面研究。使用一份结构化问卷收集社会人口学、产科和妇科变量以及前4周内症状体验的定量数据，该问卷包括标准化的更年期评定量表（MRS）。为每位受访者的11个症状组按0至4分进行评分，分数越高症状越严重，总分最高为44分。MRS由三个子量表（躯体植物神经症状、心理症状和泌尿生殖系统症状）组成，最高分分别为16分、16分和12分。计算每位受访者每个子量表的得分和总分，这些作为主要结局指标。综合得分越高，更年期症状越严重。
共采访了1189名平均年龄为48.1±5.9岁的女性。在研究的4周内，任何更年期症状的患病率为84.5%。关节和肌肉不适是本研究中所有女性报告的最常见症状（59.0%），其次是身心疲惫（43.0%）、性问题（40.4%）和潮热（39.0%）。预测MRS总分的因素有受访者年龄（P = 0.01；95%CI，0.02 - 0.17）、绝经状态（P = 0.001；95%CI，0.33 - 1.24）和职业组（P = 0.02；95%CI，0.10 - 1.42）。受访者年龄和绝经状态也可预测躯体植物神经症状和泌尿生殖系统症状子量表的得分，但不能预测心理症状子量表的得分。职业是心理症状子量表的唯一预测因素（P = 0.002；95%CI，0.16 - 0.75）。
本研究中女性更年期症状的患病率较高。虽然任何女性都可能面临与更年期症状相关的挑战，但年龄较大、处于围绝经期和绝经后的女性以及从事日常或体力工作的女性MRS总分最高。所有女性，尤其是这些类别的女性，应获得有关可能的生活方式调整的健康信息和指导，以缓解更年期症状可能造成的干扰。
