Ekanayake Wasala M T D, Jayasundara Mudalige S H, Peek Thelma, Clarke Anthony R, Schutze Mark K
School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia.
Insect Sci. 2017 Jun;24(3):478-490. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12337. Epub 2016 May 25.
The frugivorous "true" fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly), is presumed to have a nonresourced-based lek mating system. This is largely untested, and contrary data exists to suggest Bactrocera tryoni may have a resource-based mating system focused on fruiting host plants. We tested the mating system of Bactrocera tryoni, and its close sibling Bactrocera neohumeralis, in large field cages using laboratory reared flies. We used observational experiments that allowed us to determine if: (i) mating pairs were aggregated or nonaggregated; (ii) mating system was resource or nonresource based; (iii) flies utilized possible landmarks (tall trees over short) as mate-rendezvous sites; and (iv) males called females from male-dominated leks. We recorded nearly 250 Bactrocera tryoni mating pairs across all experiments, revealing that: (i) mating pairs were aggregated; (ii) mating nearly always occurred in tall trees over short; (iii) mating was nonresource based; and (iv) that males and females arrived at the mate-rendezvous site together with no evidence that males preceded females. Bactrocera neohumeralis copulations were much more infrequent (only 30 mating pairs in total), but for those pairs there was a similar preference for tall trees and no evidence of a resource-based mating system. Some aspects of Bactrocera tryoni mating behavior align with theoretical expectations of a lekking system, but others do not. Until evidence for unequivocal female choice can be provided (as predicted under a true lek), the mating system of Bactrocera tryoni is best described as a nonresource based, aggregation system for which we also have evidence that land-marking may be involved.
以果实为食的“真正”果蝇，即昆士兰果蝇（Bactrocera tryoni），被认为具有一种非基于资源的求偶场交配系统。这在很大程度上未经检验，并且存在相反的数据表明昆士兰果蝇可能具有一种基于资源的交配系统，该系统以结果的寄主植物为重点。我们在大型田间笼子中使用实验室饲养的果蝇，对昆士兰果蝇及其近缘种新肩果蝇（Bactrocera neohumeralis）的交配系统进行了测试。我们采用了观察性实验，使我们能够确定：（i）交配配对是聚集的还是非聚集的；（ii）交配系统是基于资源的还是非基于资源的；（iii）果蝇是否利用可能的地标（高树而非矮树）作为交配聚集地点；以及（iv）雄性是否从雄性主导的求偶场中召唤雌性。在所有实验中，我们记录了近250对昆士兰果蝇的交配配对，结果显示：（i）交配配对是聚集的；（ii）交配几乎总是发生在高树而非矮树上；（iii）交配是非基于资源的；以及（iv）雄性和雌性同时到达交配聚集地点，没有证据表明雄性先于雌性到达。新肩果蝇的交配情况要少得多（总共只有30对交配），但对于这些配对，它们对高树也有类似的偏好，并且没有基于资源的交配系统的证据。昆士兰果蝇交配行为的某些方面与求偶场系统的理论预期相符，但其他方面则不然。在能够提供明确的雌性选择证据之前（如真正的求偶场系统所预测的那样），昆士兰果蝇的交配系统最好被描述为一种非基于资源的聚集系统，我们也有证据表明可能涉及地标行为。
