Zapalski Mikołaj K, Berkowski Błażej, Wrzołek Tomasz
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Warsaw, Poland.
Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Geology, Poznań, Poland.
PLoS One. 2016 Mar 23;11(3):e0149767. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149767. eCollection 2016.
Famennian tabulate corals were very rare worldwide, and their biodiversity was relatively low. Here we report a unique tabulate fauna from the mid- and late Famennian of the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Kowala and Ostrówka), Poland. We describe eight species (four of them new, namely ?Michelinia vinni sp. nov., Thamnoptychia mistiaeni sp. nov., Syringopora kowalensis sp. nov. and Syringopora hilarowiczi sp. nov.); the whole fauna consists of ten species (two others described in previous papers). These corals form two assemblages-the lower, mid-Famennian with Thamnoptychia and the upper, late Famennian with representatives of genera ?Michelinia, Favosites, Syringopora and ?Yavorskia. The Famennian tabulates from Kowala represent the richest Famennian assemblage appearing after the F/F crisis (these faunas appear some 10 Ma after the extinction event). Corals described here most probably inhabited deeper water settings, near the limit between euphotic and disphotic zones or slightly above. At generic level, these faunas show similarities to other Devonian and Carboniferous faunas, which might suggest their ancestry to at least several Carboniferous lineages. Tabulate faunas described here represent new recruits (the basin of the Holy Cross mountains was not a refuge during the F/F crisis) and have no direct evolutionary linkage to Frasnian faunas from Kowala. The colonization of the seafloor took place in two separate steps: first was monospecific assemblage of Thamnoptychia, and later came the diversified Favosites-Syringopora-Michelinia fauna.
法门阶床板珊瑚在全球都非常罕见，其生物多样性相对较低。在此，我们报告了来自波兰圣十字山脉西部（科瓦拉和奥斯特鲁夫卡）法门阶中晚期的独特床板珊瑚动物群。我们描述了8个物种（其中4个为新物种，即？温尼米氏床板珊瑚、米斯蒂亚内氏细管珊瑚、科瓦拉氏管孔珊瑚和希拉罗维茨氏管孔珊瑚）；整个动物群由10个物种组成（另外两个物种在之前的论文中已有描述）。这些珊瑚形成了两个组合——法门阶中期以细管珊瑚为主的组合和法门阶晚期以？米氏床板珊瑚、蜂巢珊瑚、管孔珊瑚和？亚沃尔斯基珊瑚属代表为主的组合。来自科瓦拉的法门阶床板珊瑚代表了弗拉斯/法门灭绝事件（F/F危机）之后出现的最丰富的法门阶组合（这些动物群在灭绝事件发生约1000万年后出现）。这里描述的珊瑚很可能栖息在较深的水域环境中，接近真光层和弱光层的界限或略高于此界限。在属的层面上，这些动物群与其他泥盆纪和石炭纪动物群有相似之处，这可能表明它们至少有几个石炭纪谱系的祖先。这里描述的床板珊瑚动物群是新出现的（在弗拉斯/法门灭绝事件期间，圣十字山脉盆地并非避难所），与来自科瓦拉的弗拉斯阶动物群没有直接的进化联系。海底的定殖分两个独立的步骤进行：首先是细管珊瑚的单物种组合，后来是多样化的蜂巢珊瑚 - 管孔珊瑚 - 米氏床板珊瑚动物群。
