Szwarcwald Celia Landmann, de Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges, Damacena Giseli Nogueira, de Almeida Wanessa da Silva, Malta Deborah Carvalho, Stopa Sheila Rizzato, Vieira Maria Lúcia França Pontes, Pereira Cimar Azeredo
Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos não Transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2015 Dec;18 Suppl 2:132-45. doi: 10.1590/1980-5497201500060012.
To analyze healthy life style recommendations given in health care and the adoption of healthy behaviors among hypertension and diabetes patients.
We analyzed the recommendations according to the place of the last health care visit (primary health care, other public facilities, and private health care facilities). The effects of having a diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes on the adoption of healthy practices were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models, using sex, age, and educational level as control variables, and the following outcomes: current use of tobacco products; regular physical activity during leisure time; recommended intake of fruits and vegetables; perception of low salt intake; frequent consumption of sweets; and excessive alcohol consumption.
Approximately 88% of hypertension patients received recommendations to have a healthy diet, 91% to eat less salt, 83% to practice regular physical activity, and 76% to not to smoke. Among diabetic patients, all recommendations related to nutrition were very frequent, reaching 95% for the habit of having fruits and vegetables regularly. The effect of having a diagnosis of hypertension was significant for non-use of tobacco products and perception of low salt intake. The diagnosis of diabetes mainly influenced the habit of not consuming sweets often.
Results evidenced that people with diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes give priority to not use (stop) harmful health behaviors than to adopt practices that will bring benefits to their health. It is necessary to promote not only the adverse effects of harmful habits, but also the benefits of healthy behaviors to aging well.
分析医疗保健中给出的健康生活方式建议以及高血压和糖尿病患者健康行为的采纳情况。
我们根据上次医疗保健就诊地点（初级卫生保健、其他公共设施和私人医疗保健设施）对建议进行了分析。通过多变量逻辑回归模型分析高血压或糖尿病诊断对健康行为采纳的影响，将性别、年龄和教育水平作为控制变量，并分析以下结果：当前烟草制品使用情况；休闲时间的规律体育活动；水果和蔬菜的推荐摄入量；低盐摄入感知；甜食频繁消费情况；以及过量饮酒情况。
约88%的高血压患者收到了健康饮食建议，91%的患者收到少吃盐的建议，83%的患者收到规律体育活动的建议，76%的患者收到戒烟建议。在糖尿病患者中，所有与营养相关的建议都很常见，经常食用水果和蔬菜的习惯达到了95%。高血压诊断对不使用烟草制品和低盐摄入感知有显著影响。糖尿病诊断主要影响不经常食用甜食的习惯。
结果表明，被诊断为高血压和糖尿病的人更优先考虑不使用（停止）有害健康行为，而不是采纳对健康有益的行为。不仅有必要宣传有害习惯的不良影响，还应宣传健康行为对健康老龄化的益处。
