Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2019 Jul 22;35(7):e00091018. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00091018.
This study aimed to measure the contribution of selected health behaviors to the prevalence of hypertension control in Brazilian adults 50 years or older, based on data from the ELSI-Brasil study. The study included 4,318 individuals 50 years or older who reported having received a medical diagnosis of hypertension and were taking antihypertensive medication. The selected health behaviors were: physical activity, healthy diet, not consuming excessive alcohol, and never having smoked. The contribution of each health behavior to prevalence of hypertension control was estimated by the attribution method, via adjustment of the binomial additive hazards model, stratified by sex. Prevalence of hypertension control was 50.7% (95%CI: 48.2; 53.1). Overall, health behaviors made a larger contribution to hypertension control in women (66.3%) than in men (36.2%). Moderate alcohol consumption made the largest contribution in both sexes, but particularly in women (52.7% in women versus 19% in men). Physical activity contributed 12.6% in women and 10.7% in men. The other behaviors were more relevant in men: never having smoked (3.4%) and regular consumption of vegetables, legumes, and fruits (3.1%). These results underline the need for measures to promote the adoption of healthy behaviors by hypertensive individuals to reduce blood pressure levels, improve the effectiveness of antihypertensive medication, and decrease their cardiovascular risk.
本研究旨在根据巴西 ELSI-Brasil 研究的数据，衡量特定健康行为对巴西 50 岁及以上成年人高血压控制流行率的贡献。该研究纳入了 4318 名报告患有高血压并正在服用降压药物的 50 岁及以上个体。所选健康行为包括：身体活动、健康饮食、不饮酒过量和从不吸烟。通过调整二项式加性危害模型，按性别分层，采用归因方法估计每种健康行为对高血压控制流行率的贡献。高血压控制的流行率为 50.7%（95%CI：48.2；53.1）。总体而言，健康行为对女性（66.3%）的高血压控制作用大于男性（36.2%）。适度饮酒在两性中均有最大贡献，但在女性中尤为明显（女性为 52.7%，男性为 19%）。身体活动对女性的贡献为 12.6%，对男性的贡献为 10.7%。其他行为在男性中更为重要：从不吸烟（3.4%）和经常食用蔬菜、豆类和水果（3.1%）。这些结果强调了需要采取措施促进高血压患者采取健康行为，以降低血压水平、提高降压药物的效果，并降低其心血管风险。
