Bocciolone L, Parazzini F, Fedele L, Acaia B, Candiani G B
Ann Ostet Ginecol Med Perinat. 1989 Nov-Dec;110(6):323-34.
Spontaneous abortion is the commonest complication of pregnancy. Its reported incidence appears to be constant in developed countries but the frequency of subclinical fetal loss is largely unknown. There is a well known relationship between fetal loss and advancing maternal age. Trisomic fetuses occur more commonly in older women and most are aborted but old women are also at greater risk of aborting a chromosomally normal fetus. Recent epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between maternal cigarette smoking and spontaneous abortion. A role of gravidity, early age at menarche, alcohol and methylxanthine consumption has been recently claimed, but epidemiological evidence is scanty and largely controversial. The present paper reviews the epidemiological data on spontaneous abortion.
自然流产是妊娠最常见的并发症。在发达国家，其报告发病率似乎保持稳定，但亚临床胎儿丢失的频率很大程度上未知。胎儿丢失与孕妇年龄增长之间存在众所周知的关联。三体胎儿在老年女性中更常见，大多数会流产，但老年女性流产染色体正常胎儿的风险也更高。最近的流行病学数据表明，孕妇吸烟与自然流产之间存在显著关联。最近有人声称妊娠次数、初潮年龄早、饮酒和摄入甲基黄嘌呤有一定作用，但流行病学证据不足且争议很大。本文综述了自然流产的流行病学数据。
